Guidelines for Enhancing Adversity Quotient in Primary School Students in Schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration: A Mixed Methods Research
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Abstract
This research aimed to: 1) examine the current states and problems in developing students’ adversity quotient (AQ) in primary schools, and 2) synthesize guidelines to enhance their students’ adversity quotient. A mixed methods research design was employed. The quantitative sample comprised 856 primary school teachers of Grades 1–6 in schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. Research instruments included a survey (content validity index = .97, Cronbach's alpha = .965), focus group discussion questions, and a semi-structured interview protocol validated by experts. Qualitative data were obtained from six teachers and three experts. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The qualitative findings were integrated with the survey results to explain the quantitative findings and synthesize the proposed guidelines, which were subsequently validated by experts.
The research findings revealed that: 1) Teachers reported high levels of implementation across four key areas: curriculum, environment and learning atmosphere, learning management, and assessment and evaluation; however, operational problems were rated at a moderate level. 2) The guidelines for enhancing AQ include:
- Curriculum: Analyzing the school curriculum and integrating AQ into the curriculum.
- Environment and Learning Atmosphere: Creating a conducive learning atmosphere, organizing classroom conditions, and establishing a shared understanding between schools, teachers, and parents.
- Learning Management: Planning effective learning strategies, analyzing individual student needs, and conducting specific activities to develop students’ AQ.
- Assessment and Evaluation: Developing documentation for assessment guidelines, implementing diverse student assessment processes, and monitoring student progress.
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