A Framework for Enhancing BIM Implementation in Small Construction Projects: Integrating Policy and Architectural Design Strategies

Abstract

The use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is emerging as a new standard in the construction industry. However, small-scale construction projects in Thailand still face constraints related to budget, limited resources, and insufficient policy support. This study aims to develop strategic guidelines that integrate public policy with architectural strategies to promote BIM adoption in small-scale projects. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including in-depth interviews with 12 construction industry experts and a quantitative survey of 140 small-scale construction practitioners in Thailand, comprising architects, engineers, and contractors. The study examined internal factors such as organizational knowledge and managerial awareness, as well as external factors including government policies and projects-specific limitations. The results indicate that the major barriers to BIM adoption in Thailand are high implementation costs, a shortage of skilled personnel, and inadequate governmental incentives. Conversely, key success factors include personnel readiness, policy support, and flexible resource management. Based on the findings, three strategic recommendations are proposed: (1) establishing BIM standards and supportive government policies, (2) promoting design strategies aligned with BIM, such as modular design and prefabrication, and (3) developing and training personnel in the construction industry to enhance readiness for BIM adoption.