French Strategy in the Indo-Pacific:
Continuity and Change under President Emmanuel Macron From 2017-2021
Keywords:
The Indo-Pacific Strategy, Smart Power, The Policy of Grandeur, MultilateralismAbstract
The French Strategy in the Indo-Paciific is implementd based on four main pillars: enhancing peace and security , increasing France’s partnerships with the majors regional players, strenthening the multipolar world order, and committing to address climate change. The aim of the study is thus to answer the question: “what are the key factors, with respect to the continuing international context, contributing to the motivation behind the The French Strategy in the Indo-Paciific?” The findings show that the rise of China under Xi Jin Ping’s presidency, the American Unilateralism during Donald Trump’s administration , and Brexit correspondingly contribute to the implementation of the Strategy. In addition, as the study was conducted with reference to Joseph Nye’s Power framework, the researcher finds that France uses the Indo-Pacifc Strategy as a Smart Power uniting both the Charles de Gaulle’s policy of Grandeur and the European Union’s multilateralism vis-à-vis the structural change of international relations and the promotion of multipolar order in Indo-Pacific region.
References
Aaron Ettinger. (2018). Trump’s National Security Strategy : “America First” meets the establishment. International Journal of East Asian Studies, 73(3), 475.
Aljazeera. (2019). US tells UN it is Pulling out of Paris. Retrieved 20 May 2021 from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/04/us-tells-un-it-is-pulling-out-of-paris-climate-deal/
Andrew S. Erickson and Conor M. Kennedy. (2015). China’s Island Builders. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 25 June 2021 from https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/east-asia/2015-04-09/chinas-island-builders
Aude Lemonsu, Anne Lise Beaulant, Samuel Somot, & Valéry Masson. (2014). Evolution of Heat Wave Occurance over the Paris basin (France) in the 21st Century. Climate Research, 61(75-91).
Céline Pajon. (2019). Macron in Japan: Upgrading the Franco-Japanese Strategic Partnership in the Indo-Pacific. The Diplomat. Retrieved 23 June 2021 from https://thediplomat.com/2019/06/macron-in-japan-upgrading-the-franco-japanese-strategic-partnership-in-the-indo-pacific/
Céline Pajon. (2020-2021). France’s Indo-Pacific Strategy and The Quad Plus. The Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs 3(5).
Connor Shane Diffley. (2015). De Gaulle’s Pursuit of Grandeur: A Visionary Example of Foreign Policy or Elaborate Evolution of Foreign Policy Adopted by the Fourth Republic?
Department of European Affairs. (2012). European Union - EU. Retrieved 14 August 2021 from https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content/5d5bcc2715e39c306000a35d?cate=5d5bcb4e15e39c3060006872
DW. (2019). Trump vows 'phenomenal' post-Brexit trade deal during UK visit. Retrieved 26 June 2021 from https://www.dw.com/en/trump-vows-phenomenal-post-brexit-trade-deal-during-uk-visit/a-49045439
Edward A. Kolodziej. (1974). French International Policy Under De Gaulle And Pompidou. Cornell University Press.
European Union External Action Service. (2021). EU Strategy for Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage_en/96741/EU%20Strategy%20for%20Cooperation%20in%20the%20Indo-Pacific
Heather A. Conley. (2011). The European Sovereign Dept Crisis in Review. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 26 June 2020 from https://www.csis.org/analysis/european-sovereign-debt-crisis-review-and-happy-holidays-you
Ian Bowers. (2018). Can the Burden be Shared? Europe, the Sea and the Liberal Order in Asia. Global Asia, 13(2).
Josh Lederman and Lisa Mascaro. (2018). Macron resists Trump’s ‘America first’ in speech to Congress. AP. Retrieved 25 June 2021 from https://apnews.com/article/north-america-donald-trump-ap-top-news-international-news-nationalism-c36af69bb54f4228940a1da1637cd493
Joshua S. Dadural and Leah R. Reznikov. (2018). Interest in and Awareness of French President Emmanuel Macron’s “Make our Planet Great Again” Initiative. Social Sciences, 7(102).
Juthatip Klaitabtim. (2019). Realism in the United State Foreign Policy under Donald Trump Presidency. Kasetsart University Political Science Review Journal, 6(2), 5.
Juthatip Klaitabtim. (2020). America First: Grand Strategy of the United States Foreign Policy under Donald Trump Presidency. Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 46(2), 91.
Khan Zulfqar and Amin Fouzia. (2015). Pivot to and Rebalancing :Implications for Asia-Pacific Region. Policy Perspectives, 12(2), 6. https://doi.org/10.13169/polipers.12.2.0003
Kim Beng Phar and Clementine Bizot. (2020). Is France Capable of Being an Indo-Pacific Power? The Diplomat. Retrieved 17 March 2021 from https://thediplomat.com/2020/12/is-france-capable-of-being-an-indo-pacific-power/
Kwa Chong Guan. (2016). The Maritime Silk Road : History of an Idea. Yusof Ishak Institute, 23, 6.
Manoranjan Mohanty. (2013). Xi Jinping and the 'Chinese Dream'. Economic and Political Weekly, 48(38), 34. http://www.jstor.org.chula.idm.oclc.org/stable/23528539
Marc-Antoine Eyl-Mazzega and Carole Mathieu. (2018). “Make Our Planet Great Again”: Macron’s Leadership on Climate Issues. Etude de l’Ifri, 22.
Ministère de l’Europe et Des Affaires Etrangères. (2019). La Zone Indopacifique : une priorié pour la France. Retrieved from https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/asie-oceanie/la-zone-indopacifique-une-priorite-pour-la-france/?fbclid=IwAR33_ejemoJWgtVLaH-cyKGWxlhTF_cyozwiEPVIuemh1RTKJxhMuVt5Wko
Ministère des Armées. (2018). Florence Parly – Shangri-la Dialogue. Retrieved from https://www.defense.gouv.fr/ministre/prises-de-parole-de-la-ministre/florence-parly-shangri-la-dialogue
Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. (2019 ). French Strategy in the Indo-Pacific “for an Inclusive Indo-pacific”.
Natthanan Kampaengsin. (2018). Global Britain?: The Future of the United Kingdom after the Withdrawal from the European Union. Journal of European Studies, 25(1), 117.
Paruedee Nguitragool. (2016). ASEAN and the Maritime Crimes in Southeast Asia. Journal of Social Sciences, 46(1), 84.
Rachael Kennedy. (2019). Emmanuel Macron and Xi Jinping to Agree ‘Irreversibility’ of Paris Climate Accord. Euronews. Retrieved 20 May 2021 from https://www.euronews.com/2019/11/05/emmanuel-macron-and-xi-jinping-to-agree-irreversibility-of-paris-climate-agreement
Roland Seib. (2009). China in the South Pacific : No New Hegemon on the Horizon. Peace Research Institute Frankfurt, 39.
Sébastian Seibt. (2021). France wade into the South China Sea with a Clear Attack Sumrine. France24. Retrieved 20 May 2021 from https://www.france24.com/en/france/20210212-france-wades-into-the-south-china-sea-with-a-nuclear-attack-submarine
Supamit Pitipat. (2020). Germany and the Indo-Pacific Strategy. Post Today. Retrieved 14 August 2021 from https://www.posttoday.com/politic/columnist/636834
Surachart Bamrungsuk. (2020). World 2020 : Continuity and Change. Matichon weekly. Retrieved 14 August 2021 from https://www.matichonweekly.com/column/article_280377
Thapiporn Suporn. (2019). Unraveling Triadic Relationship in Trump’s Foreign Policy: Internationalism, Nationalism, and Trumpism. International Journal of East Asian Studies, 23(2), 48.
The Directorate General of the Treasury. (2019). France in Asean Annual Economic Report 2019 (Gavroche Thailande, Issue.
Uthaipan Promkhatkaew. (2019). Italy's membership, Eurozone Crisis and the possibility of "Italeave". Journal of European Studies, 24(1).
Vanessa R. Schuwartz. (2011). Modern France. Oxford University Press.
Vannapar Tirasangka. (2019). France Rebublic Constitution Political Institution Structure. Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University.
Wada Haruko. (2020). The “INDO-PACIFIC” Concept : Geographical Adjustment and Their Implication. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep24283
Zach Silberman. (2014). Hillary Clinton and the Story of Smart Power. U.S. Global Leadership Coalition. Retrieved 01 July 2021 from https://www.usglc.org/blog/hillary-clinton-and-the-story-of-smart-power/
Ziad Ghaith, & David C Natcher and S. Kulshreshtha. (2018). Economic Impact of the United States withdrawal from Trans-Pacific Partnership on Canada: A Computable General Equilibrium Based Analysis. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS, 20.
