The Frontline States’ Syrian Refugee Acceptance Policy:
A Case Study of Greek Government’s Response, 2015-2017
Keywords:
Refugee, Refugee crisis, Greek government, European Union, EuropeanizationAbstract
This article shows the Greek government’s response to the refugee crisis in 2015-2017 through the lens of Europeanization which is the concept explaining how the European Union’s members maintain their consensus and are unified within the region. In addition, Europeanization influences the behavioral guidelines of member states in various operations, including the policy implementation of each member states. The response of the Greek government as well as the factors affecting the government’s refugee policy during the crisis are analyzed.
The study reveals that there are two factors affecting government policy in Greece during the crisis: 1) Pressure conditions from the domestic situation caused by economic problems the country has endured, and the social context that has changed and affected refugees. 2) The role of member states in the European Union which affects cooperation in solving problems arising from the refugee crisis.
References
Asylum Information Database, “Country Report: Greece.” Last modified December 31, 2018. https://www. asylumineurope.org/reports/country/Greece (accessed on July 30, 2019).
Beirens, Hanne. Cracked Foundation, Uncertain Future: Structural Weaknesses in the Common European System (Migration Policy Institute Europe, 2018).
Borzel, Tanja A. and Panke, Diana. “Europeanization” In European Union Politics, edited by Cini, Michelle and Borragán, Nieves Pérez-Solórzano, 115-154. Oxford University Press, 2019.
“By refusing refugees, Poles, Hungarians and Czechs ‘broke EU law.” Aljazeera, April 3, 2020. https://www.aljazeera. com/news/2020/04/refusing-refugees-poles-hungar¬ians- czechs-broke-eu-law-200402222927579.html (accessed on April 20,2020).
Council of the European Union. “EU-Turkey Statement: 18 March 2016.” Last Modifiled March 18, 2016. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-re-leases/2016/03/18/eu-turkey-statement/ (accessed on December 15, 2019).
Crawley, H., Duvell, F. Jones, K. and Skleparis, D. “Under¬standing the dynamics of Migration to Greece and the EU: drivers, decisions and destinations.” MEDMIG Research Brief No.2. http://www.medmig.info/wp-con¬tent/uploads/2016/12/research-brief-destination-eu¬rope.pdf (accessed on June 9, 2019).
European Stability Initiative. “The Refugee Crisis through Statistics.” https://www.esiweb.org/pdf/ESI%20%20 The%20refugee%20crisis%20through%20statistics%20 -%2030%20Jan%202017.pdf (accessed on August 20, 2019).
Knill, Christoph and Lehmkuhl, Dirk. “How Europe Matters. Different Mechanisms of Europeanization.” SSRN Electronic Journal Vol. 3, No. 6 (1999): 1-19. http:// eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/1999-007a.htm.
Official Journal of European Union. “Directive 2013/32/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection.” Last Modified June 29, 2013. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX¬:32013L0032&from=en. (accessed on March 25, 2020).
Official Journal of European Union. “Regulation (EU) No 603/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on the establishment of ‘Eurodac’ for the comparison of fin¬gerprints for the effective application of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person and on requests for the comparison with Eurodac data by Member States’ law enforcement authorities and Europol for law enforcement purposes, and amending Regulation (EU) No 1077/2011 establishing a European Agency for the operational management of large-scale IT systems in the area of freedom, security and justice.” Last Modified June 29, 2013,https://eur-lex.europa. eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013R0 603&from=EN. (accessed on March 28, 2020).
Official Journal of European Union. “Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for deter¬mining the Member State responsible for examiningan application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person 2013.” Last Modified June 29, 2013. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ. do?uri=OJ:L:2013:180:0031:0059:EN:PDF. (accessed on March 28, 2020).
Radaelli, Claudio M. “The Europeanization of Public Policy.” In The Politics of Europeanization, edited by Feather¬stone, Kevin and Radaelli, Claudio M., 27-56. Oxford University Press, 2003.
Supang Chantavanich. Glossary of Refugee and Migration Terms. Institute of Asian Studies Chulalongkorn University, 1999. (in Thai)
Triandafyllidou, Anna. and Gropas, Ruby. European Immi¬gration: A sourcebook. Routledge, 2007.
UNHCR, “Operational Portal Refugee Situations: Greece.” Last modified n.d. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situa¬tions/mediterranean/location/5179 (accessed on July 27, 2019).
UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency. “Refugees & Migrants Arrivals to Europe in 2017.” Last modified February 16, 2018. http://data2.unhcr. org/es/documents/download/62023. (accessed on July 27, 2019).
UNHCR. “The Sea Route to Europe: The Mediterranean Passage in the Age of Refugee.”Last modified July 1, 2015. https://www.unhcr.org/protection/oper-ations/5592bd059/sea-route- europe-mediterra¬nean-passage-age-refugees.html (accessed on October 17, 2018).
Vasilaki, Rosa. “How Greece Became Europe’s “Shield” Against Refugees.” Jacobin March 03, 2020. https:// jacobinmag.com/2020/03/greece-refugees-europe¬an-union-migrants-turkey-border (accessed on March 25, 2020).