Farm Machinery Utilization among Rice Farmers in Northern, Central, Southern and Northeastern Regions

Abstract

This article studied the utilization of farm machinery, specifically tractors and combine harvesters, and identified associated managerial challenges, among rice farmers in the northern, central, southern and northeastern regions of Thailand.The study adopted a qualitative research design. Purposive sampling was utilized to select key informants, with data collection conducted between July and September 2025. Primary data were gathered through questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 18 key informants across 16 provinces. The data were subsequently analyzed using descriptive analysis guided by a conceptual framework that encompasses rice farming practices, farm machinery utilization, and utilization organization types and managerial challenges. The findings categorized rice farming practices and machinery utilization into three distinct utilization organization types: 1) custom hiring services; 2) sole machinery ownership; and 3) joint machinery ownership. The sole machinery ownership type tended to achieve higher utilization efficiency than others. Key managerial challenges associated with farm machinery utilization included financial constraints for acquiring and maintaining farm machinery, and a lack of managerial capabilities for improving machinery utilization efficiency. Hence, the study suggested that relevant authorities should facilitate farmers’ access to investment credits, and build farmers’ managerial capabilities regarding farm machinery utilization.