A Multilevel Measurement Model of Digital Citizenship of Lower Secondary School Students in Mukdahan Province
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Abstract
The research aimed to develop and validate a multilevel measurement model of digital citizenship of lower secondary school students in Mukdahan Province at both the student level and the classroom level. The sample consisted of 1,632 students from 110 classrooms in 10 lower secondary schools in Mukdahan Province in the academic year 2020, obtained by multistage random sampling. The data were collected by using a questionnaire consisting of 48 items for measuring digital citizenship, with the discrimination of 0.22 to 0.61 and the reliability of 0.91. The analysis of data employed descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient analysis and the Multilevel Confirmatory Factors Analysis: MCFA. The results of the study were as follows:
The multilevel measurement model of digital citizenship of the lower secondary school students at the student level and the classroom level comprised 8 observed variables: digital citizen Identity; screen time management; cyber bullying management; cyber security management; privacy management; media and information literacy; digital footprints and digital empathy. The multilevel measurement model had construct validity and was consistent with the empirical data in both the within and between levels: they were considered from indices used for checking validity of the model as = 36.69, df = 26, p = 0.08, RMSEA = 0.02, SRMRw = 0.01, SRMRb = 0.03, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99 and
/df = 1.41, and the observed variables had the intraclass correlations (ICCs) located between 0.06 and 0.21. For the student level, media and information literacy had the highest factor loading (
= 0.92), followed by digital empathy and privacy management (
= 0.85). The lowest factor loading was digital citizen identity (
= 0.64). For the classroom level, digital footprints had the highest factor loading (
= 0.98), followed by media and information literacy (
= 0.95). The lowest factor loading was digital citizen identity (
= 0.82).
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