The Enhancing of Minimalist Happiness according to Buddhist Approach

Abstract

The objectives of this study were threefold: (1) to study minimalist happiness according to the Buddhist approach; (2) to examine the enhancement of minimalist happiness according to the Buddhist approach; and (3) to propose guidelines for enhancing minimalist happiness according to the Buddhist approach. The study employed a qualitative research methodology, document analysis and conducting in-depth interviews. The key informants consisted of 62 individuals, including 7 Buddhist scholars/experts, 32 Dhamma practitioners, and 23 members of the general public from diverse occupational backgrounds. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis.

The findings revealed that minimalist happiness according to the Buddhist approach is an inner form of happiness that does not rely excessively on external stimuli. It comprises five key components: (1) happiness arising from a peaceful mind; (2) happiness derived from understanding the truth of life according to the Four Noble Truths; (3) happiness arising from mindfulness and concentration; (4) happiness resulting from the reduction of craving (Tanha) and clinging (Upadana); and (5) happiness grounded in Right View (Samma-ditthi) and non-indulgence in sensual pleasures. The enhancement of minimalist happiness involves four major aspects: (1) Environment: living in conditions close to nature and conducive to tranquility; (2) Learning: self-development to cultivate wisdom; (3) Behavior: engaging in creative activities; and (4) Lifestyle: applying Dhamma principles in daily life. Supporting Dhamma principles include mindfulness, moderation (Mattanyuta), and non-violence (Avihimsa), which are consistent with the concept of minimalism that emphasizes eliminating unnecessary elements and using wisdom to manage life effectively.

The new body of knowledge, referred to as the “MDMW Model,” presents a framework for enhancing minimalist happiness across three levels: (1) the level of daily life, (2) the mental level, and (3) the wisdom level. These levels are regarded as the core of inner development, leading to a calm and peaceful state of mind (Inner Peace), representing true happiness free from agitation. Such happiness arises from cultivating the mind to be free from unwholesome states and to transcend emotional disturbances and life’s challenges. Individuals can develop their potential through Dharma-based happiness. Therefore, achieving higher levels of happiness requires the art of living in a way that elevates one’s life toward a minimalist lifestyle.