An Analytical Study of Zen on Buddhadasa’s Work An Analytical Study of Zen on Buddhadasa’s Work

Abstract

In this thesis, three objectives were purposely made: (1) to study the Dhamma teachings of Buddhadasa Bhikkhu, (2) to study the methods of teaching Dhamma in Zen Buddhism, and (3) to analyze Buddhadasa Bhikkhu's approach to teaching Zen Buddhism. This is a documentary research project that primarily examines data from Buddhadasa Bhikkhu's book Ãnãpãnasati-Samadhi-Bhãvanã, alongside references to the Tipiṭaka and its commentaries.

The research found that Buddhadasa Bhikkhu's teachings emphasize the three characteristics of existence (Tilakkhaṇa): (1) Aniccã (impermanence), the ever-changing nature of all phenomena; (2) Dukkhã (suffering), which arises from this impermanence; and (3) Anattã (non-self), the principle that denies a permanent self in all things. All phenomena are regarded as devoid of inherent existence (Sunyatã), and suffering is viewed as arising from attachment, which can be extinguished through the realization of the Four Noble Truths and adherence to Buddhist principles.

The methods of teaching Dhamma in Zen Buddhism include: (1) awakening to the present moment, (2) living in simplicity and harmony with nature, and (3) emphasizing daily life as a path to spiritual awakening. Zen practice does not require separation from daily activities; rather, each activity becomes a vehicle for enlightenment when performed with awareness in accordance with Dhamma. The goal of Zen Buddhism is not to enhance personal efficiency or happiness, but to foster full presence in the moment. Buddhadasa Bhikkhu's approach to teaching Zen Buddhism involves: (1) recognizing the impermanence of life, (2) letting go of attachment to worldly conditions (Lokadhamma), and (3) practicing to attain the cessation of suffering through realization of the three characteristics. This includes understanding the nature of impermanence, releasing attachment, and realizing mental emptiness—considered the essence of the true Buddha—to attain Nirvana in this present life.