The Criterion of Goodness in John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism and in the Bhagavad-Gita Philosophy: A Comparative Study

Abstract

This thesis dissertation was aimed at studying and comparing the Criterion of Goodness between John Stuart Mill’ Utilitarianism and the Bhagavad-Gita Philosophy. According to the findings, both philosophies consider any actions with a goal for personal benefit to be wrong actions, because the selfishness creates problems for society. However, both philosophies recognize differences on the following four issues: 1. Definition of Goodness- Mill’ Utilitarianism defined goodness as happiness or satisfaction. However, Gita defined goodness as the intention to worship God; and 2. Cause of Good- According to Mill’ Utilitarianism , goodness originated from human with the following two factors: (1) Environmental influence on human’ s thoughts and actions; (2) Conscience or awareness of being part of society motivating human to choose to perform tasks. On the other hand, Gita considered goodness to come from only God; and 3. The Criterion of Goodness- Mill’ Utilitarianism considered the effects of actions, which are happiness or public benefits, while Gita considered intention to worship God; and 4. Effects of Goodness - Mill’ Utilitarianism considered happiness or public benefits, while Gita considered the effect of actions, which is God.