A Systematic Review of STEM Education Research in Higher Education: Analyzing Trends, Gaps, and Integration Factors in Thailand and Global Perspectives
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Abstract
The purpose of this research was to analyze trends, gaps, and factors affecting STEM education integration in higher education institutions in both Thailand and international countries. The study employed a systematic literature review by methodology, analyzing 42 research articles from The Scopus and ThaiJo database. The findings revealed that international research prioritized systematic problem-solving approaches, focusing on reducing learning gaps, promoting diversity, and establishing systematic career pathways. However, several significant gaps were identified including inequitable access to STEM education, undergraduate research opportunities, access to essential learning resources and technology, linkage between theory and practice, and development of emotional and social skills. In Thailand, research predominantly focused on foundational development, particularly teacher preparation, pre-service teacher skill development, and technology integration in learning management. Nevertheless, limitations were found in terms of lack of longitudinal studies, follow-up assessments, and effective cross-disciplinary integration. The research findings suggest that STEM education development in Thailand should shift towards more systematic research approaches, increase longitudinal studies, expand the scope of study beyond science and education disciplines, enhance interdisciplinary integration, and strengthen collaborative networks with industries and communities. These improvements aim to enhance educational quality and strengthen graduates' capabilities to meet the challenges of the 21st-century workforce.
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