Buddhist Doctrines and Social Change in Modern Society: A Political Analysis

Abstract

This academic article aims to analyze and synthesize the Buddhist doctrine of the Three Characteristics (Tilakkhaa) Anicca (impermanence), Dukkha (suffering), and Anatt (non-self) into a political analytical framework for explaining social transformation in modern society. The study employs documentary analysis and conceptual synthesis by integrating Buddhist philosophy with contemporary political science. The findings indicate that the Three Characteristics provide a systematic framework for understanding political and social dynamics. Anicca explains the continuous transformation of political institutions and governance structures; Dukkha highlights structural tensions, inequality, and systemic vulnerability; while Anatt explains the diffusion of power and the social construction of political identities within networked societies. Based on these findings, the study proposes the Tri-Lakkhana Political Model (TPM Model), consisting of five interrelated components: (1) Structural Dynamics (Anicca), (2) Systemic Tension (Dukkha), (3) Power Diffusion (Anatt), (4) Ethical Political Governance, and (5) Sustainable Political Society. The model integrates Buddhist philosophy with contemporary political theories and extends the role of the Three Characteristics beyond ethical teachings toward a comprehensive analytical framework for political science. It also provides practical
implications for public policy analysis, institutional development, and conflict transformation in contemporary societies