The Formation of Gender Identity: Philosophy of Identity, Sexuality and Power

Abstract

 This academic article aims to present the meanings and concepts of gender identity, gender diversity, and approaches to achieving gender balance according to Buddhist philosophy, along with an analysis of the Thai legal framework concerning
individual rights and equality in terms of gender. The study found that gender identity refers to a person’s perception and self-determination of their own gender, which may or may not correspond with their biological sex, and is expressed according to the
individual’s intentions within society. Gender diversity reflects the existence of various sexual orientations and gender roles, such as men who love men, women who love women, transgender individuals, and intersex persons. The creation of gender balance according to Buddhist philosophy emphasizes self-awareness, personality development, and the adjustment of gender roles appropriately, guided by the Ten Wholesome Actions (Kusala Kamma Path), the Six Directions, and the Six Temperaments, enabling individuals to interact with society and family in a balanced and effective manner. Regarding the legal aspect, the 2017 Constitution, the 2015 Gender Equality Act, and the 20-Year National Strategy play roles in guaranteeing rights, freedoms, and gender equality.
However, they still face limitations in interpreting issues related to gender identity and sexual orientation, which affects the full protection of the rights of individuals with diverse gender identities and orientations. The research highlights the importance of integrating knowledge from psychology, Buddhist philosophy, and law to support acceptance and equitable coexistence in Thai society.