Synthesis of Research on Thai Language Teaching: Trends in Developing Learners' Key Competencies

Abstract

This study aimed to (1) synthesize bodies of knowledge derived from research on Thai language instruction that focuses on competency development, and (2) propose research and development trends in Thai language teaching that emphasize the cultivation of learners’ key competencies. The study involved a review and analysis of 84 research studies related to Thai language instruction conducted between 2014 and 2024, drawn from nine universities. The synthesis results indicate that most studies primarily focused on developing competencies in thinking and communication, which are fundamental skills for learning and are aligned with national and international educational frameworks such as PISA and O-NET. Secondary emphasis was placed on the development of problem-solving competencies and life skills, whereas competencies related to the use of technology were scarcely addressed in the reviewed research:

            Regarding instructional approaches, the findings reveal the application of a wide range of theories and concepts, including constructivist learning theory, problem-based learning, and cooperative learning. In addition, various instructional techniques were employed to enhance Thai language learning, such as STAD, CIRC, and the jigsaw technique. These approaches support active engagement in deep learning and promote knowledge sharing among learners. Overall, the findings reflect a future trend in the development of Thai language instruction that should prioritize the integration of diverse competencies, particularly the integration of technological competencies and life skills, as these are essential components of 21st-century skills that enhance learners’ capacity for learning, adaptability, and balanced living in a digital society.