AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE SUSTAINABLE URBAN AND TRANSPORT PLANNING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14456/jem.2022.6Keywords:
sustainable city, compact city, carfree cityAbstract
Smart growth is an approach to sustainable urban and transportation planning that has been widely applied in several countries as a holistic approach for achieving sustainable development goals, particularly for reducing carbon emissions, promoting sustainable cities, and adapting to climate change.
This article explores environmentally friendly policies and actions in European and North American cities regarding carbon neutral policy, compact city, mixed-use development, limiting urban expansion, increasing green space, promoting residential density, sustainable transportation, as well as proposing guidelines for pedestrian-friendly street design for creating walkable and bikeable communities.
References
Bausells, M. (2016). Barcelona's unloved planner invents science of 'urbanisation'. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/apr/01/story-cities-13-eixample-barcelona-ildefons-cerda-planner-urbanisation
Beasley, L. (2019). Vancouverism. On Point Press.
Bicycle Dutch. (2018). Dutch cycling figures. Retrieved from https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2018/01/02/dutch-cycling-figures/
Donovan, G. H., & Butry, D. T. (2010). Trees in the city: Valuing street trees in Portland, Oregon. Landscape and urban planning, 94(2), 77-83. Retrieved from https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/j ournals/pnw_2010_donovan001.pdf
European Environment Agency. (2021). Greenhouse gas emissions from transport in Europe. Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-transport
Femine, L. (2013). Agenda 21 Revealed – You Need to Know This. Retrieved from https://guardianlv.com/2013/09/agenda-21-revealed-you-need-to-know-this/
Global Cycling Network. (2017a). 5 keys to the perfect cycling city. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jeoDTiJWetI
Global Cycling Network. (2017b). Top 10 Cycling Friendly Cities 2017. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUkEEtVSWnI&t=192s
Gupta, S. S. (2001). The courtyards of the Eixample. Retrieved from http://www.swati.nl/barcelona/publicatie.htm
Jacobs, A. B. (1993). Great streets (No. qt3t62h1fv). University of California Transportation Center. Retrieved from https://www.lewis.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2016/07/access03-04-Great-Streets.pdf
Jaffe, E. (2015). A Case Study in Bike-Friendly Suburban Planning: It’s not just possible, it’s happening in Houten. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-06-17/the-dutch-town-of-houten-is-a-case-study-in-bike-friendly-suburban-planning
Lovasi, G. S., Quinn, J. W., Neckerman, K. M., Perzanowski, M. S., & Rundle, A. (2008). Children living in areas with more street trees have lower prevalence of asthma. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 62(7), 647-649. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3415223/
Macdonald, E. (2005). Street-facing dwelling units and livability: The impacts of emerging building types in Vancouver's new high-density residential neighbourhoods. Journal of Urban Design, 10(1), 13-38. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/content/qt2kr3q8br/qt2kr3q8br.pdf
McPherson, E. G. (n.d.). Benefits of Trees. Center for Urban Forest Research, Arbor Day Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.arborday.org/trees/benefits.cfm
Naderi, J. R., Kweon, B. S., & Maghelal, P. (2008). The street tree effect and driver safety. ITE Journal on the Web, 78(2), 69-73.
Peters, A. (2019). What happened when Oslo decided to make its downtown basically car-free? Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/90294948/what-happened-when-oslo-decided-to-make-its-downtown-basically-car-free
Ralston, W. (2020, November 18). Oslo got pedestrian and cyclist deaths down to zero. Here’s how. WIRED. Retrieved from https://www.wired.co.uk/article/oslo-pedestrianisation
Roberts, D. (2019, April 8). Barcelona’s remarkable history of rebirth and transformation: How the city grew, from pre-Christian Romans to Cerdà to the 1992 Olympics. Vox Media. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/4/8/18266760/barcelona-spain-urban-planning-history
Roberts, D. (2017, April 22). A fascinating new scheme to create walkable public spaces in Barcelona. Vox Media. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2016/8/4/12342806/barcelona-superblocks
Salmen, J. P. (2001). US accessibility codes and standards: challenges for universal design. Universal design handbook.
Townsend, D. (2020). Helsinki Makes Sustainability a Guiding Principle for Development. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/14/todaysinyt/helsinki-makes-sustainability-a-guiding-principle-for-development.html
Walker, A. (2020, Jan 3). Oslo saw zero pedestrian and cyclist deaths in 2019: Here’s how the city did it. Retrieved from https://archive.curbed.com/2020/1/3/21048066/oslo-vision-zero-pedestrian-cyclist-deaths
Wolf, K. L. (2007). City trees and property values. Arborist News, 16(4), 34-36.
Ye, L., Mandpe, S., & Meyer, P. B. (2005). What is “smart growth?”—Really?. Journal of Planning Literature, 19(3), 301-315.
