Identifying Suitable Indicators to Assess Chiang Mai as a Sustainable City Using Delphi Method
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Chiang Mai is facing enormous challenges, such as climate change, economic and social problems which make the government, the private, and public sectors to tackle the problems and develop the city towards sustainability. This research aims to identify suitable indicators to assess the potential of Chiang Mai as sustainable city. Chiang Mai City Development Plan, Chiang Mai Smart City Strategy Plan 2019, the Master Plan for Development of Chiang Mai Transportation System, Bio-Circular-Green Economic Model (BCG), Transit-oriented development (TOD) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are considered and used to formulate related indicators that will be assessed for suitability by at least 20 experts using Delphi method. The level of importance is assessed using a five-point Likert type scale. Average value and standard deviation calculations are conducted to confirm the significance of the indicators chosen. In this work, the focus is on the 1st round of Delphi method questionnaire to identify appropriate indicators to assess the sustainability of Chiang Mai city. From the first Delphi method, 29 out of initial 64 indicators were selected by the experts. 25 additional indicators were also proposed by the experts. A total of 54 indicators were to be used in subsequent 2nd and 3rd rounds of questionnaire by the Delphi method. The indicators obtained from this research may be used to assess the sustainability potential of other cities. The metrics found may be unique for Chiang Mai and differ from other cities in previous studies. They can be applied to assess the potential of Chiang Mai's sustainable urbanization, and used as a conceptual framework for planning Chiang Mai city development towards sustainability.
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