The Development of a Self-Care Motivation Model to Prevent Hypertension in the Elderly by Family Participation

Abstract

The purposes of this research were to study 1) self-care behaviors 2) factors Influencing self-care behaviors 3) model creation and 4) trialling of self-care motivation model for preventing hypertension in the elderly by family participation. Conducted by research and development processes. The research and development phase was divided into two phases: Phase 1 is an operation to obtain necessary information for creating and developing a model by studying related documents and related research together with data collected by questionnaires from a sample of elderly people who were at risk of hypertension of Nonthaburi Province, a total of 380 people were stratified random sampling together with systematic random sampling. Phase 2 is an operation to create and test the model with the experimental group of 30 people and the control group of 30 people. Data were analysed by average, standard deviation, Multiple Regression Analysis (Stepwise Method), Independent t-test, and Paired t-test at a statistical significance level of 0.05.
The results of the study found that 1) the elderly is at risk of high blood pressure. The overall level of self-care behaviors to prevent hypertension was low. 2) There were 5 independent variables that affect self-care behaviors for preventing hypertension among the elderly at a statistical significance level of 0.05. These included social support from family members (X5), an expectation of self-efficacy in hypertension prevention (X4), an expectation of the effect of antihypertensive behaviors (X3). perceived risk of hypertension (X2), and perceived severity of hypertension (X1). 3)These results were used to create a self-care motivation model to prevent hypertension in the elderly through family participation and trial. 4) It was found that the average score of self-care behaviors for hypertension prevention of the elderly in the experimental group after the experiment was higher than before the experiment with a statistically significant. There was no difference in the control group. Therefore, this model should be applied in future operations in the area.