Needs Analysis for the Design and Development of Augmented Reality Learning Media to Enhance Spatial Ability in Primary Schools

Article Sidebar

pdf
Published: Jun 30, 2025
Keywords:
Augmented Reality (AR); Spatial Ability Learning Media

Main Article Content

Wannatida Yonwilad
Kalasin University
Lawan Dulyachart
Kalasin University
Paweena Khansila
Kalasin University
Worapot Sommool
Kalasin University
Surajak Piriyacherdchoochai
Kalasin University
Prapaporn Nongharnpituk
Kalasin University
Siriporn Janya
Kalasin University
Akkarajet Chaiyaphum
Kalasin University
Tawatchai Kahaban
Kalasin University
Apichet Samerjai
Kalasin University
Saruda Mooyota
Kalasin University

Abstract

This research aims to 1. analyze the essential needs for designing and developing augmented reality learning media to enhance spatial ability in primary schools and 2. establish knowledge of AR learning media that supports spatial ability development in primary education. The target group comprises three administrators, 20 teachers, and 150 primary school students. The research instruments include Empathy Map analysis and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using content analysis. 
The findings reveal that:
1. the perspectives and needs of administrators, teachers, and students indicate a strong demand for AR learning media that facilitates a better understanding of spatial concepts and increases learning engagement. Developing AR media that meets these needs is essential for improving teaching and learning processes. 
2. The knowledge framework emphasizes experiential learning, encouraging self-exploration and hands-on experimentation. AR media should be developed in 
alignment with spatial ability content, focusing on visual-spatial skill development and three-dimensional object manipulation.

Article Details

How to Cite
Yonwilad, W., Dulyachart, L. ., Khansila, P. ., Sommool, W. ., Piriyacherdchoochai, S. ., Nongharnpituk, P., Janya, S. ., Chaiyaphum, A. ., Kahaban, T. ., Samerjai, A. ., & Mooyota, S. . (2025). Needs Analysis for the Design and Development of Augmented Reality Learning Media to Enhance Spatial Ability in Primary Schools. Journal of Graduate MCU KhonKaen Campus, 12(2), 143–159. retrieved from https://so02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jg-mcukk/article/view/277102
Issue
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): April - June 2025
Section
Research Article
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

References

ธารารัตน์ มาลัยเถาว์. (2560). ปัญหาการขาดแคลนครูในประเทศไทย. วารสารครุศาสตร์, 23(3), 12-18.

วิวัฒน์ มีสุวรรณ์. (2556). การพัฒนาความสามารถทางมิติสัมพันธ์ของนักเรียนชั้นประถมศึกษา. วารสารการศึกษาพัฒนาสังคม, 12(1), 45-60.

Alcañiz, M., Contero, M., Pérez-López, D., & Ortega, M. (2010). Augmented reality applications in educational settings. Virtual Reality, 14(3), 163-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-009-0139-5

Azuma, R. T. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence: teleoperators & virtual environments, 6(4), 355-385.

Bakri, F., & Dwijayanti, D. (2022, November). Physics Textbook Enriched with Videos Based on Augmented Reality Technology: Practice in Problem

Solving Skill in Dynamics of Rotation Concept for Senior High School Students. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2377, No.1. 012079). IOP Publishing.

Carmigniani, J., & Furht, B. (2011). Augmented reality: an overview. Handbook of augmented reality, 3-46.

Carroll, J. B. (1993). Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies. Cambridge University Press.

Dominguez, C., Martins, J. P., Fernandes, S., & Carvalho, V. (2012). Augmented reality environments in enhancing spatial ability in science education. Science Education International, 23(4), 362-373.

Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of advanced nursing, 62(1), 107-115.

Frank, J., & Kapila, V. (2017). Enhancing K-12 STEM education with AR/VR learning environments. Journal of Education and Learning Technology, 25(2), 45-62.

Gardner, H. (2011). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Basic Books.

Herliandry, L. D., Kuswanto, H., & Hidayatulloh, W. (2021, March). Improve critical thinking ability through augmented reality assisted worksheets. In 6th International Seminar on Science Education (ISSE 2020) (pp. 470-475). Atlantis Press.

Katsioloudis, P. J., & Jovanovic, V. (2014). An examination of the relationship between spatial visualization ability and performance in engineering graphics. Engineering Design Graphics Journal, 78(3), 1-7.

Kimura, D. (1999). Sex and cognition. MIT Press.

Liao, Y. T., Yu, C. H., & Wu, C. C. (2015, April). Learning geometry with augmented reality to enhance spatial ability. In 2015 international conference on learning and teaching in computing and engineering (pp. 221-222). IEEE.

Linn, M. C., & Petersen, A. C. (1985). Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 56(6), 1479-1498. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130467

Maiti, A., & Tripathy, P. (2012). Learning in the 21st century: Augmented reality in education. Journal of Technology in Education, 15(3), 34-41.

McGee, M. G. (1979). Human spatial abilities: Sources of sex differences. Psychological Bulletin, 86(5), 889-918.

Piajet, J. (1969). The child’s conception of time. Routledge.

Uttal, D. H., Meadow, N. G., Tipton, E., Hand, L. L., Alden, A. R., Warren, C., & Newcombe, N. S. (2013). The malleability of spatial skills: a meta-analysis of training studies. Psychological bulletin, 139(2), 352.

Wijayanto, B., Luthfi, Z. F., Operma, S., Pernando, J., & Johnstone, J. M. (2023). Augmented Reality-Based Mobile Learning: Enhancing Student Spatial Intelligence. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 23(9).

Winarni, S., Siregar, A. S. W., Marlina, M., Rohati, R., & Kumalasari, A. (2023). Design and Validation of Augmented Reality-Based Student Worksheets for Polyhedra Material in Improving Students’ Spatial Abilities. Indonesian Journal of Mathematics Education, 6(2), 111-121.