Semantic Extension of HONE in Jananese Kanyouku: A Study from Cognitive Semantics Perspective
Keywords:
Polysemy, , Internal organ terms, Japanese idioms, Metaphor, MetonymyAbstract
This article aims to analyse the semantic extension of the word HONE “bone” in Jananese kanyouku by applying the concept of cognitive semantics theory. From data gathering process, fourteen kanyoukus with the word HONE were found. The results reveal that the polysemous word HONE has ten meanings, which can be classified into three categories. They include (1) one prototypical meaning: “BONE” (2) three extended meanings derived through metaphorical process: “HIGH DEGREE” “CORE” “INTENTION” (3) six extended meanings derived through metonymic process: “HUMAN (body and mind)” “CORPSE” “ASHES OF DECEASED” “REMAINED MATTER” “THIN” “LACK”
Analysing the semantic relations between all ten meanings, it was found that three extended meanings derived through metaphorical process are related directly with the prototypical meaning of HONE. Nevertheless, only one extended meanings derived through metonymic process: “HUMAN (body and mind)”, is related directly with the prototypical meaning of HONE. The other meanings are extended from “HUMAN (body and mind)” in the next step.
The results of this study not only prove that the semantic extension of the word HONE can be explained systematically based on cognitive semantics theory, but also clearly show the hierarchy of semantic extension process and the cognitive processes behind the semantic extension. In the end of this article, the application of the findings from this study in kanyouku teaching was also suggested.
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