Development of Participatory Extracurricular Activities for Students, Teachers, and Parents to Promote Awareness and Understanding for Preventing and Reducing Hate Speech Among Lower Secondary School Students in Phetchaburi Province

Abstract

This study aimed to 1) develop participatory extracurricular activities involving students, teachers, and parents to promote awareness and understanding for preventing and reducing hate speech among lower secondary school students in Phetchaburi Province, 2) examine the effects of the participatory extracurricular activities, and 3) evaluate participants’ satisfaction with the extracurricular activities. The sample consisted of 811 lower secondary school students, 76 teachers, and 703 parents from six schools in Phetchaburi Province during the 2025 academic year. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included a participatory extracurricular activity plan, which was evaluated at the highest quality level with an overall mean score of 4.66 out of 5.00, an assessment of awareness and understanding for preventing and reducing hate speech among lower secondary school students, an assessment of hate speech behavior toward others, and a satisfaction questionnaire. The awareness and understanding assessment and the hate speech behavior assessment both demonstrated a reliability coefficient of 0.93, while the satisfaction questionnaire demonstrated a reliability coefficient of 0.89. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the paired-sample t-test.
The findings revealed that 1) The participatory extracurricular activities consisted of four activities: "Build Love", "Understand Love", "Send Love", and "Preserve Love". All activities were developed based on the Love Box theory, emotion management, and adolescent behavior. 2) After participating in the extracurricular activities, students, teachers, and parents demonstrated significantly higher levels of awareness and understanding for preventing and reducing hate speech among lower secondary school students. In addition, their hate speech behavior toward others was significantly lower than before participation at the .01 level of statistical significance. 3) All three participant groups reported the highest level of satisfaction with the participatory extracurricular activities. These findings indicate that the developed participatory extracurricular activities can serve as an effective mechanism for promoting awareness and understanding to prevent and reduce hate speech among lower secondary school students.