Political Violence Communication on Social Media: Challenges, Theoretical Frameworks, and Governance Approaches

Abstract

        This study investigates the role of social media in promoting and intensifying political violence through a multi-theoretical framework that integrates six key perspectives: Hate Speech Theory, Framing Theory, Affective Publics, Social Network Theory, Agenda-Setting Theory, and Platform Governance Theory. The research employs a comparative case study approach focusing on three distinct political conflicts: the Capitol Riot in the United States (2021), the Gilets Jaunes movement in France (2018–2019), and the ongoing tensions in the Middle East.
        Findings reveal that social media platforms function as power-laden infrastructures that facilitate the production and amplification of hate speech, emotionally charged content, and disinformation through algorithmic mechanisms, filter bubbles, and echo chambers. These structural elements contribute to political polarization and real-world violence. Rather than serving merely as neutral communication channels, digital platforms actively shape the framing of meaning, emotional engagement, and political behavior. This research proposes that effective platform governance requires a balanced approach that safeguards freedom of expression while maintaining social and political stability. It underscores the need for an integrated framework capable of explaining the interrelations among discourse, emotion, technology, and networks in the contemporary digital era.