การจัดการป่าร่วมกันอย่างยั่งยืนของผู้มีส่วนได้เสีย กรณีศึกษาป่าทุ่งบางนกออก พื้นที่ลุ่มน้ำทะเลสาบสงขลา Sustainable Forest Co-Management Among Stakeholders: A Case Study of Thung Bang Nok Ohk Forest in Songkhla Lake Basin
Keywords:
Companion Modelling Approach, Role-playing game, Adaptive Co-Management, Melaleuca forest, Songkhla LakeAbstract
Thung Bang Nok Ohk is a forest in the lower Songkhla Lake area of Thailand. It is a peat swamp with an area of 6,250 Rai utilized by the community in various ways, and there are various problems concerning forest fires, encroachment, overlapping zones, and conflicts. Therefore, the objective of this action research was to build collaboration among stakeholders in order to create a management model suitable for the area using the Companion Modelling Approach (ComMod). The stakeholders include the community, the state, and outside organizations. Approximately 200 informants and participants were involved in three main work processes: 1) investigation of the Melaleuca forest community and the relationship between the community and the forest using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, as well as surveys; 2) joint operation in thinking and decision-making in order to determine a management model acceptable to all parties using the Role Playing Game (RPG) tool twice and three workshops; and 3) implementation according to the suggestions leading to concrete practices and upgrading them to local policies through eight operations. As a result, a Melaleuca forest management model is formulated covering economic, social, and environmental aspects, for example, promotion of occupations connected to the forest for a better livelihood, incentives for the community to look after the forest, the awareness promotion of community forest conservation, and the restoration of forest fertility, by volunteers in the community. The aforementioned solutions using methods acceptable to all parties concerned and taking into account relevant policy and legal frameworks.
References
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Bendem-Ahlee, S., & Parinyasutinun, U. (2014). Welcoming Guardian Deity (Rap Thiamda): A Ritual, Belief, and Community Practice- a Reflection of Man and Nature Relation [In Thai]. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Mahasarakham University. 22(39),215-239.
Bendem-Ahlee, S., Kittitornkool, J., Thungwa, S., & Parinyasutinun, U. (2014). Bang Kad: A Reflection of Local Wisdom to find Wild Honey and Ecological Use of Resources in Melaleuca Forest in the Songkhla Lake Basin. Silpakorn University Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts. 14(3), 77-99.
Bendem-Ahlee, S., Kittitornkool, J., Thungwa, S., & Parinyasutinun, U. (2015). Honey Hunters’ Way of Life at Thung Bang Nok Ohk Forest in the Lower Songkhla Lake Basin amidst Climate Change in Southern Thailand. Silpakorn University Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts. 15(2), 105-126.
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Laungaramsri, P. (2009). Authoritorainism, Localism and Neoliberalism with a dialogue on community rights [In Thai]. Journal of Social Science, Changmai University. 21(2), 277.
Lestari, S., Kotani, K., & Kakinaka, M. (2015). Enhancing voluntary participation in community collaborative forest management: A case of Central Java, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management. 150, 299-309.
Massawe, E. (2001). External dornors and community based management of Mgori Forest, Tansania: What happens when donors leave?. In Wollenberg, E., Edmunds, D., Buck, L., Fox, J., and Brodt, S. (Ed.), Social Learning in Community Forests, pp.127-150. CIFOR and the East-West Center.
Noobuach, Y. (2011). Melaleuca Forest in Khuan So Community and Lesson from Forest Management by State. Minor Thesis of Master Degree in Human and Social Development Program, Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University.
Nooyim, T., & Benjachaya, S. (2007). White Samed Wood Processing Guide [In Thai]. Narathiwat: Pikul Thong Education Center.
Office of Forest Resources Management 13 (Songkhla), Royal Forest Department. (2011). Community Forest Map [In Thai].
Office of Forest Land Management. (2015). Executive Summary Forest Land Information Project, 2013-2014. Forestry Department [In Thai]. Retrieved August 13, 2015, from https://forestinfo.forest.go.th/Content/file/executivesum56-57.pdf.
Office of Environment Resources Policy and Planning. (2009). Master Plan for Climate Change 2010-2019. Bangkok: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment [In Thai]. Reteived August13, 2015, from https://www.eppo.go.th/ccep /download/CC_TH_ Action_ Plan_Dec2009.pdf.
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Pongkijvorasin, S. (2014). Sustainable solutions to forest encroachment and maize farming. Thailand’s Nature and Environment. 3(3), 40-44.
Pornpakakul, S. (2011). Antibiotics from endophytic fungi isolated from some Thai medicinal plants, Research Report [In Thai]. Bangkok: The Thailand Research Fund (TRF).
Prasertsongskun, S., & Chairgulprasert, V. (2008). Bioactive compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell fruit, Researt report [In Thai]. Songkla: Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University.
Promraksa, P., & Pathanamanee, K. (2009). Pa Samet (Melaleuca Forest) is worth conservation for Sustainable Utilization [In Thai]. Journal of Environment. 3(3), 34-36.
Salam, M. A., & Noguchi, T. (2006). Evaluating capacity development for participatory forest management in Bangladesh’s Sal forests based on ‘4Rs’ stakeholder analysis. Forest Policy and Economics, 8, 785-796.
SeubNakhasathien Foundation. (2016). Thailand Forest Situation, 2015-2016 [In Thai]. Seub-Nakhasathien Foundation, Nonthaburi.
Somchun, C. (2006). SametKao (Melaluca Cajuputi) good growth in Swamp Peat [In Thai]. Phuket: Prince of Songkla University.
Sookwong, S. (2007). Community Forest Management for People and Forest [In Thai]. Bangkok:Taweewat Karnpim.
Sookwong, S., Kaewla-iad, T., Tunhun, S., Makarapirom, P., Manopirunporn, Juntong, T., Taworn, R.,et al. (2002). Action research report, Forest and Biological resources Management by Community: Process, Decision Method, and Data System [In Thai]. Bangkok: The Center for People and Forest (RECOFCT)
Tanongsak, W. (2009). The Classification and Distribution of Melaleuca Leucadendron throughout the area of lake Songkhla Basin [In Thai]. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Thaksin University. 6(1), 33-49.
The Songkhla Wild Fire Control Promotion Unit. (2012). Wildfire statistics years 2012 [In Thai]. Songkhla: The Songkhla Wildfire control promotion unit.
Tippayawong, S. (2011). Information System Development for Research Management in Songkhla Lake Basin, Southern Region of Thailand [In Thai]. Doctoral Thesis, Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University.
Trébuil, G., & The ComMod group. (2008). Companion Modelling for Resilient and Adaptive Social Agro-Ecological Systems in Asia. Retrieved April 6, 2012, from https://www.mcc.cmu.ac.th/ Seminar/pdf/1505.pdf
Yasuhiro, T., & Sibounheuang, T. (2010). Conflict between Water Buffalo and Market-Oriented Agriculture: A Case Study from Northern Laos. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 47, 365-373.
Bamroongrugsa, N. (2011). Peat Swamp Forest of Songkhla Lake Basin [In Thai]. Songkhla: Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University.
Barnaud, C., Trébuil, G., Damrongrojwatthana, P., and Marie, J. (2008). Area Study Prior to Companion Modelling to Integrate Multiple Interests in Upper Watershed Management of Northern Thailand. Southeast Asian Studies. 45(4), 559-585.
Bendem-Ahlee, S., Kittitornkool, J., Thungwa, S., & Parinyasutinun, P. (2013). Conflict management ralated to the use of natural resources of Khuan So community [In Thai]. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Taksin University, 8(2), 215-239.
Bendem-Ahlee, S. (2014a). Working Together for Wildfire Management in the Thung Bang Nok Ohk Forest in the Lower of Songkhla Lake Basin [In Thai]. Journal of Environmental Management. 10(2), 1-20.
Bendem-Ahlee, S. (2014b). Bio-forest assessment and carbon storage potential of Melaleuca forest in the community forest of Thung Bang Nok Ohk in the lower Songkhla lake basin [In Thai]. Thai Journal of Forestry. 33(2), 88-101.
Bendem-Ahlee, S., & Parinyasutinun, U. (2014). Welcoming Guardian Deity (Rap Thiamda): A Ritual, Belief, and Community Practice- a Reflection of Man and Nature Relation [In Thai]. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Mahasarakham University. 22(39),215-239.
Bendem-Ahlee, S., Kittitornkool, J., Thungwa, S., & Parinyasutinun, U. (2014). Bang Kad: A Reflection of Local Wisdom to find Wild Honey and Ecological Use of Resources in Melaleuca Forest in the Songkhla Lake Basin. Silpakorn University Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts. 14(3), 77-99.
Bendem-Ahlee, S., Kittitornkool, J., Thungwa, S., & Parinyasutinun, U. (2015). Honey Hunters’ Way of Life at Thung Bang Nok Ohk Forest in the Lower Songkhla Lake Basin amidst Climate Change in Southern Thailand. Silpakorn University Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts. 15(2), 105-126.
Boonchai, K. (2011). Thai Community Forest and Direction for sustainable and equitable social structure reform. In Thaworn, R. and Boonchai, K. (Ed.) Proceeding of National seminar on Thailand’s reform for equitable and sustainable community forest management [In Thai], (pp. 22-35). Bangkok: Comnunity Forest Network,The Center for People and Forest (RECOFCT).
Boonnak, C. (2011). The Concept of Common Pool Resources Management: The International Experience and Concept in Thailand. In Junwit, P. (Ed.), The Knowledge Survey relate The Concept of Common Pool Resources Management: The International Experienceand Concept in Thailand [In Thai], (pp. 16-21). Bangkok: The Academic Reform Working Group of the General Assembly Reform Commission.
Chan, H. (2005).The Crisis of the Commons: Three Case Studies in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. In Cuasay, P. and Vaddhanaphuti, C., Commonplaces and Comparisons Remarking Eco-Political Spaces in Southeast Asia, (pp. 40-53). Changmai: Within Design Co., Ltd.
CU-CIRAD ComMod Project. (2009). Companion Modelling Approach [In Thai],
Brochures. Forsyth, T., & Walker, A. (2008). Forest Guardians, Forest Destroyers: The Politics of Environmental Knowledge in Northern Thailand. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Google Earth. (2012). Khuan So Map. Retrieved August 12, 2015, from https://maps.google.co.th/maps?hl =th&tab=wl
Gurung, T. R. (2011). Comparative analysis of the use of companion modeling for facilitate adaptive management of agricultural water in Bhutan. Thesis of Doctoral School Evolution, ecosystems, Microbiology, Modeling, Lyon University.
GEO-Informatics Research Center for Natural Resource and Environment, Southern Regional Center of Geo-Informatics and Space Technology. (2010). Forest in Songkhla Lake Basin [In Thai]. Songkhla: Prince of Songkla University.
Juntarathep, S. (1994). Study on factors affecting flowering of Samed mushroom in natural conditions and utilization, Research Report [In Thai]. Pattani: Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University.
Juntarathep, S., & Supwananusorn, N. (2000). Feasibility Study of Boletus Mushroom (Boletus groiseipurpureus) in Melaleuca leucadendra and Casuarina equisetifolia Forests for Commercial Purpose, Research Report [In Thai]. Pattani: Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University.
Kanjanapan, S. (2011). Green ideas, Discourse and Movements [In Thai]. Chiangmai: Institute for Social Research and Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiangmai University.
Khuan So Sub-district Administrative Organization. (2012). Basic Information [In Thai], The Development plan documents of the three-year plan 2554-2556 of Khuan So Sub-district Administrative Organization. (Duplicated documents).
Laungaramsri, P. (2009). Authoritorainism, Localism and Neoliberalism with a dialogue on community rights [In Thai]. Journal of Social Science, Changmai University. 21(2), 277.
Lestari, S., Kotani, K., & Kakinaka, M. (2015). Enhancing voluntary participation in community collaborative forest management: A case of Central Java, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management. 150, 299-309.
Massawe, E. (2001). External dornors and community based management of Mgori Forest, Tansania: What happens when donors leave?. In Wollenberg, E., Edmunds, D., Buck, L., Fox, J., and Brodt, S. (Ed.), Social Learning in Community Forests, pp.127-150. CIFOR and the East-West Center.
Noobuach, Y. (2011). Melaleuca Forest in Khuan So Community and Lesson from Forest Management by State. Minor Thesis of Master Degree in Human and Social Development Program, Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University.
Nooyim, T., & Benjachaya, S. (2007). White Samed Wood Processing Guide [In Thai]. Narathiwat: Pikul Thong Education Center.
Office of Forest Resources Management 13 (Songkhla), Royal Forest Department. (2011). Community Forest Map [In Thai].
Office of Forest Land Management. (2015). Executive Summary Forest Land Information Project, 2013-2014. Forestry Department [In Thai]. Retrieved August 13, 2015, from https://forestinfo.forest.go.th/Content/file/executivesum56-57.pdf.
Office of Environment Resources Policy and Planning. (2009). Master Plan for Climate Change 2010-2019. Bangkok: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment [In Thai]. Reteived August13, 2015, from https://www.eppo.go.th/ccep /download/CC_TH_ Action_ Plan_Dec2009.pdf.
Office of Environment Resources Policy and Planning. (2013). Master Plan for Climate Change 2012-2050. Bangkok: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment [In Thai]. Reteived August 13, 2015, from https://lifeweb.cbd. Int /api/v2013 /documents/003F6885-4737-C063-D021-A91B44DCED0E/attachments/THAILAND_Climate_Change_Master_ Plan_55_-_ 93_ 1.pdf
Office of Information and Planning, Royal Forest Department. (2014). Forestry Statistic 2014. InformationCenter, Office of Information and Planning, Royal Forest Department [In Thai]. Retrieve August13, 2015, from https://forestinfo. forest.go.th/Content/file/stat 2557/e-book%202014.pdf
Pongkijvorasin, S. (2014). Sustainable solutions to forest encroachment and maize farming. Thailand’s Nature and Environment. 3(3), 40-44.
Pornpakakul, S. (2011). Antibiotics from endophytic fungi isolated from some Thai medicinal plants, Research Report [In Thai]. Bangkok: The Thailand Research Fund (TRF).
Prasertsongskun, S., & Chairgulprasert, V. (2008). Bioactive compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell fruit, Researt report [In Thai]. Songkla: Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University.
Promraksa, P., & Pathanamanee, K. (2009). Pa Samet (Melaleuca Forest) is worth conservation for Sustainable Utilization [In Thai]. Journal of Environment. 3(3), 34-36.
Salam, M. A., & Noguchi, T. (2006). Evaluating capacity development for participatory forest management in Bangladesh’s Sal forests based on ‘4Rs’ stakeholder analysis. Forest Policy and Economics, 8, 785-796.
SeubNakhasathien Foundation. (2016). Thailand Forest Situation, 2015-2016 [In Thai]. Seub-Nakhasathien Foundation, Nonthaburi.
Somchun, C. (2006). SametKao (Melaluca Cajuputi) good growth in Swamp Peat [In Thai]. Phuket: Prince of Songkla University.
Sookwong, S. (2007). Community Forest Management for People and Forest [In Thai]. Bangkok:Taweewat Karnpim.
Sookwong, S., Kaewla-iad, T., Tunhun, S., Makarapirom, P., Manopirunporn, Juntong, T., Taworn, R.,et al. (2002). Action research report, Forest and Biological resources Management by Community: Process, Decision Method, and Data System [In Thai]. Bangkok: The Center for People and Forest (RECOFCT)
Tanongsak, W. (2009). The Classification and Distribution of Melaleuca Leucadendron throughout the area of lake Songkhla Basin [In Thai]. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Thaksin University. 6(1), 33-49.
The Songkhla Wild Fire Control Promotion Unit. (2012). Wildfire statistics years 2012 [In Thai]. Songkhla: The Songkhla Wildfire control promotion unit.
Tippayawong, S. (2011). Information System Development for Research Management in Songkhla Lake Basin, Southern Region of Thailand [In Thai]. Doctoral Thesis, Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University.
Trébuil, G., & The ComMod group. (2008). Companion Modelling for Resilient and Adaptive Social Agro-Ecological Systems in Asia. Retrieved April 6, 2012, from https://www.mcc.cmu.ac.th/ Seminar/pdf/1505.pdf
Yasuhiro, T., & Sibounheuang, T. (2010). Conflict between Water Buffalo and Market-Oriented Agriculture: A Case Study from Northern Laos. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 47, 365-373.
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2018-06-18
How to Cite
สวรินทร์ เบ็ญเด็มอะหลี S. B.-A. (2018). การจัดการป่าร่วมกันอย่างยั่งยืนของผู้มีส่วนได้เสีย กรณีศึกษาป่าทุ่งบางนกออก พื้นที่ลุ่มน้ำทะเลสาบสงขลา Sustainable Forest Co-Management Among Stakeholders: A Case Study of Thung Bang Nok Ohk Forest in Songkhla Lake Basin. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, 14(1), 76–101. retrieved from https://so02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JEM/article/view/87925
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บทความวิจัย Research
