Remote Learning as a Strategic Model in the Face of the COVID-19 Crisis: Documentary Research
Keywords:
remote learning, sustainability, digitalization, strategic model, COVID-19 crisisAbstract
The objective of this research is to analyze the strategic model of remote learning fostered by Thai universities representing how COVID-19 has transformed remote learning into the only approach to meet the national measures of public health protection and to boost consecutively in education programs. Two scenarios are compared before and during the outbreak, in order to identify the best practice that can be adopted by Thai universities to leverage their digital supply and rival in an international context. After a context was generally analyzed to highlight the advantages and challenges pertaining to remote learning, the case of the Thai university systems was analyzed. Documentary analysis was also used to analyze the data, focusing on what Thai universities revealed through their related documents, official websites, as well as all genres of communication on digital strategies. Then, they were qualitatively analyzed to identify what sorts of platforms have been combined to ensure educational quality. The research findings highlight the resilience of Thai universities, able to respond and to re-organize themselves in a short period of time. The results of the outbreak are likely to strengthen Thai universities, able to amalgamate educational quality with the potential of technological advancement and to strive for the high standards demonstrated at the international level.
References
Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2023). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(2), 863-875. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
Aleshkovskiy, I. A., Gasparishvili, A. T., Krukhmaleva, O. V., Narbut, N. P., & Savina, N. E. (2020). Russian university students about distance learning: Assessments and opportunities. Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii, 29(10), 86-100. https://doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-10-86-100
Ali, W. (2020). Online and remote learning in higher education institutes: A necessity in light of COVID-19 pandemic. Higher Education Studies, 10(3), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p16
Alqabbani, S., Almuwais, A., Benajiba, N., & Almoayad, F. (2020). Readiness towards emergency shifting to remote learning during COVID-19 pandemic among university instructors. E-Learning and Digital Media, 18(5), 460-479. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042753020981651
Asanov, I., Flores, F., McKenzie, D., Mensmann, M., & Schulte, M. (2021). Remote-learning, time-use, and mental health of Ecuadorian high-school students during the COVID-19 quarantine. World Development, 138, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105225
Ashour, S. (2024). How COVID-19 is reshaping the role and modes of higher education whilst moving towards a knowledge society: the case of the UAE. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 39(1), 52–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2021.1930526
Aulakh, K., Roul, R. K., & Kaushal, M. (2023). E-learning enhancement through educational data mining with Covid-19 outbreak period in backdrop: A review. International Journal of Educational Development, 101, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102814
Avanesian, G., Mizunoya, S., & Amaro, D. (2021). How many students could continue learning during COVID-19-caused school closures? Introducing a new reachability indicator for measuring equity of remote learning. International Journal of Educational Development, 84, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102421
Baranova, S., Nīmante, D., Kalniņa, D., & Oļesika, A. (2021). Students’ perspective on remote on-line teaching and learning at the university of Latvia in the first and second COVID-19 period. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(21), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111890
Becker, S. P., Breaux, R., Cusick, C. N., Dvorsky, M. R., Marsh, N. P., Sciberras, E., & Langberg, J. M. (2020). Remote learning during COVID-19: examining school practices, service continuation, and difficulties for adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Adolescent Health, 67(6), 769-777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.002
Biwer, F., Wiradhany, W., oude Egbrink, M., Hospers, H., Wasenitz, S., Jansen, W., & de Bruin, A. (2021). Changes and adaptations: how university students self-regulate their online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.642593
Carrillo, C., & Flores, M. A. (2020). COVID-19 and teacher education: a literature review of online teaching and learning practices. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 466-487. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1821184
Carter, R. A., Rice, M., Yang, S., & Jackson, H. A. (2020). Self-regulated learning in online learning environments: strategies for remote learning. Information and Learning Science, 121(5/6), 321-329. https://doi.org/10.1108/ILS-04-2020-0114
Chaiya, C., & Ahmad, M. M. (2021). Success or failure of the Thai higher education development—critical factors in the policy process of quality assurance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(17), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179486
Chansanam, W., Tuamsuk, K., Poonpon, K., & Ngootip, T. (2021). Development of online learning platform for Thai university students. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 11(8), 348–355. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2021.11.8.1534
Chattaraj, D., & Vijayaraghavan, A. P. (2021). Why learning space matters: a script approach to the phenomena of learning in the emergency remote learning scenario. Journal of Computers in Education, 8(3), 343-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-021-00182-z
Chunwijitra, S., Khanti, P., Suntiwichaya, S., Krairaksa, K., Tummarattananont, P., Buranarach, M., & Wutiwiwatchai, C. (2020). Development of MOOC service framework for life long learning: A case study of Thai MOOC. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, 103(5), 1078-1087. https://doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2019EDP7262
Dikaya, L. A., Avanesian, G., Dikiy, I. S., Kirik, V. A., & Egorova, V. A. (2021). How personality traits are related to the attitudes toward forced remote learning during COVID-19: Predictive analysis using generalized additive modeling. Frontiers in Education, 6, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.629213
Ewing, L. A., & Cooper, H. B. (2021). Technology-enabled remote learning during Covid-19: perspectives of Australian teachers, students and parents. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 30(1), 41-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2020.1868562
Garcia-Vedrenne, A. E., Orland, C., Ballare, K. M., Shapiro, B., & Wayne, R. K. (2020). Ten strategies for a successful transition to remote learning: Lessons learned with a flipped course. Ecology and Evolution, 10(22), 12620-12634. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6760
Garg, M., Eniasivam, A., Satterfield, J., Norton, B., Austin, E., & Dohan, D. (2020). Rapid transition of a preclinical health systems science and social justice course to remote learning in the time of coronavirus. Medical Education Online, 25(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2020.1812225
Geroche, J.B. & Yang, X. (2022). The organizational change process during COVID-19 pandemic in a public university: The case of Kasetsart University, Thailand. International Research Journal of Science, Technology, Education, and Management, 2(3), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7136374
Gupta, R., Seetharaman, A., & Maddulety, K. (2020). Critical success factors influencing the adoption of digitalisation for teaching and learning by business schools. Education and Information Technologies, 25, 3481-3502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10246-9
Hash, P. M. (2021). Remote learning in school bands during the COVID-19 shutdown. Journal of Research in Music Education, 68(4), 381-397. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022429420967008
Heldt, J. P., Agrawal, A., Loeb, R., Richards, M. C., Castillo, E. G., & DeBonis, K. (2021). We’re Not Sure We Like It but We Still Want More: Trainee and Faculty Perceptions of Remote Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Academic Psychiatry, 45(5), 598-602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-021-01403-4
Hines, A. & Dockiao, L. (2021), Key issues influencing the future internationalization of higher education: the case of Thailand. On the Horizon, 29(3), 77-100. https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-03-2021-0044
Horita, R., Nishio, A., & Yamamoto, M. (2021). The effect of remote learning on the mental health of first year university students in Japan. Psychiatry Research, 295, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113561
Jung, J. H., & Shin, J. I. (2021). Assessment of university students on online remote learning during COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: An empirical study. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(19), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910821
Katz, V. S., Jordan, A. B., & Ognyanova, K. (2021). Digital inequality, faculty communication, and remote learning experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of U.S. undergraduates. PLoS ONE, 16(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246641
Khalid, B., Lis, M., Chaiyasoonthorn, W., & Chaveesuk S. (2021). Factors influencing behavioural intention to use MOOCs. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 13(2), 83-95. https://doi.org/10.2478/emj-2021-0014
Khlaif, Z. N., Salha, S., & Kouraichi, B. (2021). Emergency remote learning during COVID-19 crisis: Students’ engagement. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 7033-7055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10566-4
Killham, J. E., Estanga, L., Ekpe, L., & Mejia, B. (2022). The strength of a tigress: an examination of Latina first-generation college students’ tenacity during the rapid shift to remote learning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(S1), S253-S272. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2021.1962450
Koskela, T., Pihlainen, K., Piispa-Hakala, S., Vornanen, R., & Hämäläinen, J. (2020). Parents’ views on family resiliency in sustainable remote schooling during the COVID-19 outbreak in Finland. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(21), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218844
Laterza, V., Tømte, C. E., & Pinheiro, R. M. (2020). Guest Editorial: Digital transformations with “Nordic characteristics”? Latest trends in the digitalisation of teaching and learning in Nordic higher education. Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy, 15(4), 225-233. https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN.1891-943X-2020-04-01
Legg-Jack, D. W. (2021). Digitalization of teaching and learning in Nigeria amid COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and lessons for education 4.0 and 4IR. International Scientific Research Journal, 77(10). https://doi.org/10.21506/j.ponte.2021.10.10
Lischer, S., Safi, N., & Dickson, C. (2022). Remote learning and students’ mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic: A mixed-method enquiry. Prospects, 51, 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09530-w
Lohner, M. S., & Aprea, C. (2021). Exploring the potential of journal interventions to promote resilience in university students. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702683
Loukomies, A., & Juuti, K. (2021). Primary students’ experiences of remote learning during covid-19 school closures: A case study of Finland. Education Sciences, 11(9), 560. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11090560
MacMahon, S., Leggett, J., & Carroll, A. (2020). Promoting individual and group regulation through social connection: strategies for remote learning. Information and Learning Science, 121(5/6), 353-363. https://doi.org/10.1108/ILS-04-2020-0101
Marome, W., & Shaw, R. (2021). COVID-19 response in Thailand and its implications on future preparedness. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(3), 1089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031089
Mavengere, N. B., Henriksen-Bulmer, J., Passmore, D., Mayes, H., Fakorede, O., Coles, M., & Atfield-Cutts, S. (2021). Applying innovative technologies and practices in the rapid shift to remote learning. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 48. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.04824
Muangmee, C., Kot, S., Meekaewkunchorn, N., Kassakorn, N., Tiranawatananun, S., & Khalid, B. (2021). Students' Use Behavior towards E-Learning Tools during COVID-19 Pandemics: Case Study of Higher Educational Institutions of Thailand. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(4), 1166-1175. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i4.21821
Mukhtar, K., Javed, K., Arooj, M., & Sethi, A. (2020). Advantages, limitations and recommendations for online learning during COVID-19 pandemic era. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(COVID19-S4), S27-S31. https://doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2785
Nguyen, T., Netto, C. L. M., Wilkins, J. F., Bröker, P., Vargas, E. E., Sealfon, C. D., Puthipiroj, P., Li, K. S., Bowler, J. E., Hinson, H. R., Pujar, M., & Stein, G. M. (2021). Insights into students’ experiences and perceptions of remote learning methods: From the COVID-19 pandemic to best practice for the future. Frontiers in Education, 6, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.647986
Oh, E. G., Chang, Y., & Park, S. W. (2020). Design review of MOOCs: Application of e-learning design principles. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 32(3), 455-475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-019-09243-w
Osman, M. E. T. (2020). Global impact of COVID-19 on education systems: The emergency remote teaching at Sultan Qaboos University. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(4), 463-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1802583
Parker, S. W., Hansen, M. A., & Bernadowski, C. (2021). Covid-19 campus closures in the United States: American student perceptions of forced transition to remote learning. Social Sciences, 10(2), 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020062
Perrin, S., & Wang, L. (2021). COVID-19 and rapid digitalization of learning and teaching: Quality assurance issues and solutions in a Sino-foreign higher education institution. Quality Assurance in Education, 29(4), 463-476. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-12-2020-0167
Pokrovskaia, N. N., Leontyeva, V. L., Ababkova, M. Y., & D’Ascenzo, F. (2021). Regulation of digital behavior models for knowledge transfer: Organizational concerns of remote learning. Education Sciences, 11(10), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11100592
Promsron, K., Nilsook, P., Jitsupa, J., Sangboonraung, W., Saeung, O., & Jinwan W. (2024). Needs assessment in the use of digital technology for learning loss recovery of students at the basic education level. International Journal of Learning Teaching and Educational Research, 23(1), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.1.4
Rahiem, M. D. H. (2020a). The emergency remote learning experience of university students in Indonesia amidst the COVID-19 crisis. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(6). https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.6.1
Rahiem, M. D. H. (2021a). Indonesian university students’ likes and dislikes about emergency remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of University Education, 17(1),
-18. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i1.11525
Rahiem, M. D. H. (2021b). Remaining motivated despite the limitations: University students’ learning propensity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children and Youth Services Review, 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105802
Ribeiro, R. (2020). How university faculty embraced the remote learning shift. https://edtechmagazine.com/higher/article/2020 /04
Rotas, E. E., & Cahapay, M. B. (2020). Difficulties in remote learning: Voices of Philippine university students in the wake of COVID-19 crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(2), 147-158. https://doi.org/ EJ1285295
Rwodzi, C., & Jager, L. De. (2021). Resilient English teachers’ use of remote teaching and learning strategies in Gauteng resource-constrained township secondary schools.
Perspectives in Education, 39(2), 62-78. https://doi.org/10.18820/2519593X/PIE.V39.I3.6
Schlesselman, L. S. (2020). Perspective from a teaching and learning center during emergency remote teaching. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84(8), 1042-1044. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8142
Scott, J. (2006). Documentary research. SAGE Publications.
Siriwattanarat, R., Meethongjan, K., Tsailexthim, D., & Wongroj, W. (2024). The study of digital literacy components for youths during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangkok, Thailand. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 13(1), 607-616. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i1.26575
Sohel, M. S., Sifullah, M. K., Hossain, B., Hossain, M. A., Sarker, M. F. H., Hossain, I., Hossain, M. E., & Uddin, M. R. (2024). E-Learning Experience of Indigenous Rural Communities in the Face of COVID-19 Crisis in Chittagong Hills Tracts Region, Bangladesh: A Qualitative Investigation. International Journal of Community Well-Being, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42413-024-00207-2
Sururin, S., Mahmuda, M. C., & Muslim, M. (2020). Family engagement in nurturing students’ resilience during remote learning in COVID-19 pandemic. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 7(2), 204-216. https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v7i2.20582
Thapa, P., Bhandari, S. L., & Pathak, S. (2021). Nursing students’ attitude on the practice of e-learning: A cross-sectional survey amid COVID-19 in Nepal. PLoS ONE, 16(6), e0253651. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253651
Tuaycharoen, N. (2021). University-wide online learning during COVID-19: From policy to practice. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(2), 38–54. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i02.18143
Vollbrecht, P. J., Porter-Stransky, K. A., & Lackey-Cornelison, W. L. (2020). Lessons learned while creating an effective emergency remote learning environment for students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Advances in Physiology Education, 44(4), 722-725. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00140.2020
Yang, S., Kwak, S. G., Ko, E. J., & Chang, M. C. (2020). The mental health burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical therapists. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103723
Zawacki-Richter, O. (2021). The current state and impact of COVID-19 on digital higher education in Germany. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 3(1), 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.238
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.