(RETRACTED ARTICLE) 21st Century Instructional Leadership for School Administrators in the Sakon Nakhon Primary Educational Service Area Office 2
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Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize the components of 21st century instructional leadership from related documents and research, define their operational definitions and behavioral indicators, and evaluate their appropriateness and feasibility by experts in the context of basic education. A mixed-methods design was employed in three phases: synthesizing ten selected sources through content analysis, developing operational definitions and behavioral indicators validated for content validity by three experts, and evaluating the appropriateness and feasibility of the components by five experts using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The findings revealed five essential components of instructional leadership in the 21st century, namely visionary and transformational leadership, digital technology and innovation leadership, collaborative and networked leadership, strategic management leadership, and learning quality leadership, with three components visionary and transformational leadership, digital technology and innovation leadership, and collaborative and networked leadership emerging in more than 40 percent of the reviewed sources. Expert evaluations indicated that all five components were rated at high to very high levels of appropriateness and feasibility, with collaborative and networked leadership and visionary and transformational leadership receiving the highest scores, while digital technology and innovation leadership was rated lowest but still at a high level. Overall, the results suggest that school administrators in Thailand should develop balanced competencies across all five dimensions, emphasizing visionary and transformational leadership, collaborative networking, and digital technology integration to enhance educational quality and effectively address the challenges of the 21st century.
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