Development of a Test and Ability Criteria for National Youth Archery Athletes
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Abstract
This research aimed to (1) develop indicators of special abilities for national-level youth archery athletes at the secondary education level, (2) examine the effectiveness of the indicator-based test, and (3) establish standardized score criteria for special abilities of archery athletes in sports schools under the Thailand National Sports University. The sample consisted of male and female archery athletes in Grades 1–6 of secondary education, aged not over 18 years, from Lampang Sports School, Trang Sports School, Yala Sports School, and Nakhon Nayok Sports School. The participants included 59 male athletes and 16 female athletes, with a total of 75 participants. The research instruments were physiological tests, archery skill tests, psychological assessment questionnaires, competition ability tests, and social ability tests. The statistical methods used for data analysis included arithmetic means, standard deviations, independent samples t-tests, instrument reliability analysis using Pearson’s product–moment correlation coefficients, and the development of standardized criteria using T-scores. Ability levels were classified into five categories: very good, good, moderate, low, and needs improvement, based on the norm-referenced classification concept proposed by Safrit and Wood.
The results indicated that (1) the indicators of special abilities for archery athletes were classified into five domains: physiology (14 indicators), archery skills (18 indicators), competition (5 indicators), psychology (4 indicators), and social abilities (2 indicators). The indicator-based tests demonstrated content validity coefficients of 0.91 for physiology, 0.89 for archery skills, 0.86 for competition, 0.90 for psychology, and 0.87 for social abilities. All domains exhibited strong construct validity and high reliability, with statistical significance at the .05 level. The test was able to classify ability levels into five categories: very good, good, moderate, low, and needs improvement.
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