การพัฒนารูปแบบการเรียนการสอนทักษะชีวิตด้วยระบบออนไลน์แบบเปิด (MOOCs)
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การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาทักษะชีวิตที่จำเป็นของเด็กและเยาวชนในการป้องกันและลดปัญหาความรุนแรง 2) พัฒนาและตรวจสอบคุณภาพรูปแบบการเรียนการสอนทักษะชีวิตด้วยระบบออนไลน์แบบเปิด 3) ทดลองและศึกษาผลการใช้รูปแบบการเรียนการสอนทักษะชีวิตด้วยระบบออนไลน์แบบเปิด และ 4) ประเมินรูปแบบการเรียนการสอนทักษะชีวิตด้วยระบบออนไลน์แบบเปิด กลุ่มผู้ให้ข้อมูลหลักเป็นผู้เชี่ยวชาญ 10 ท่าน ได้มาด้วยวิธีการเลือกแบบเจาะจง และกลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นนักเรียนระดับมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน จำนวน 500 คน ได้มาด้วยวิธีการสุ่มแบบแบ่งชั้น เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัยได้แก่ 1) แบบสอบถามทักษะชีวิตที่จำเป็นของเด็กและเยาวชนในการป้องกันและลดปัญหาความรุนแรง 2) รูปแบบการเรียนการสอนทักษะชีวิตด้วยระบบออนไลน์แบบเปิด ประกอบด้วย คู่มือการใช้รูปแบบและบทเรียนทักษะชีวิตด้วยระบบออนไลน์แบบเปิด 15 หน่วย 3) แบบทดสอบผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนทักษะชีวิต และ 4) แบบประเมินความเหมาะสมของรูปแบบ วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลเชิงคุณภาพโดยการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหา และตรวจสอบความถูกต้องของการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลด้วยวิธีการตรวจสอบแบบสามเส้า (Triangulation) วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลเชิงปริมาณโดยการหาค่าความถี่ ค่าร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และ t -test แบบ Dependent Sample t-test
ผลการวิจัย พบว่า 1) ทักษะชีวิตที่จำเป็นของเด็กและเยาวชนในการป้องกันและลดปัญหาความรุนแรง ประกอบด้วย 4 ทักษะ ได้แก่ การมีความรักและมองเห็นคุณค่าในตนเองและผู้อื่น, การมีความภาคภูมิใจในตนเองและผู้อื่น, การเคารพในสิทธิของตนเองและผู้อื่นตามวิถีทางประชาธิปไตย และการปฏิบัติตนได้เหมาะสมและเกิดประโยชน์ต่อส่วนรวม 2) รูปแบบการเรียนการสอนทักษะชีวิตด้วยระบบออนไลน์แบบเปิด ประกอบด้วย กลุ่มผู้ใช้ 3 กลุ่ม องค์ประกอบหลัก 4 ด้าน และปัจจัยสนับสนุน 3 ปัจจัย บทเรียนออนไลน์ ประกอบด้วย หน่วยการเรียน 15 หน่วยมีประสิทธิภาพของกระบวนการและประสิทธิภาพของผลลัพธ์ (E1/E2) เท่ากับ 82.08/80.14 สูงกว่าเกณฑ์ที่กำหนด 80/80 3) นักเรียนมีผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนหลังเรียนด้วยรูปแบบการเรียนการสอนทักษะชีวิตด้วยระบบออนไลน์แบบเปิดสูงกว่าก่อนเรียน แตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.1 และ 4) รูปแบบการเรียนการสอนทักษะชีวิตด้วยระบบออนไลน์แบบเปิด มีความเหมาะสมอยู่ในระดับมาก
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