Business Readiness on Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction of Thai SMEs Processed Food Exporting Business in Response to Pre-Cross-Border Greenhouse Gas Tariffs on Imported Goods (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: CBAM)
Keywords:
Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), Business Readiness, Thai SMEs Processed Food Exporting BusinessAbstract
The objectives of this study were to: (1) explore the knowledge, understanding, and attitudes of
processed food consumers towards eco-labeled or low-carbon products; (2) study the perception, knowledge,
and preparation perspectives on participation in greenhouse gas emission reduction within the supply chain;
and (3) examine the readiness of Thai SMEs exporting processed food to respond to the CBAM abroad.
The research employed mixed methods including both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative
research involved a questionnaire survey of 110 European consumers selected through accidental sampling.
For the qualitative research, purposive sampling was employed to select key stakeholders, including 10
entrepreneurs exporting processed food from Thailand for in-depth interviews. For the quantitative research,
the study analyzed data from 120 individuals using statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation,
t-test, F-test, and multiple regression. The findings showed that most respondents were expatriates,
female, aged 21-30 years with a bachelor's degree, employed by companies, and earning a monthly income
of more than USD 900. The results revealed that different countries of residence lead to varying average
monthly incomes, which in turn affect purchasing behavior towards carbon-labeled products, except; gender,
education level, and occupation, the differences of levels of knowledge and understanding did not affect
purchasing behavior towards carbon-labeled products. The multiplicative relationship between the
purchasing behavior of environmentally friendly products and attitudes towards carbon-labeled products
with the purchasing behavior towards carbon-labeled products. Interviews with Thai processed food exporters
revealed a consensus that businesses must begin preparing to respond to the CBAM soon, as discussed in
the research as well as perform the guidelines to promote the accountability for greenhouse gas emission
reduction in SMEs exporting processed food as well.
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