The Causal Relationship between Customer Experience Management, Customer Satisfaction, Loyalty and Word-of-Mouth in Online Retailing
Keywords:
Customer Experience Management, Customer Satisfaction, Loyalty, Word-of-Mouth, Online RetailingAbstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate positive impacts of customer experience management on customer satisfaction loyalty and word of mouth in Online Retailing. The researcher employed a quantitative design to conduct confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on customer experience management and structural equation modeling (SEM) on the conceptual framework. The samples included 400 residents in Bangkok Metropolitan and its vicinity with online shopping experiences through the online sales channels of CP All Public Company Limited, which were obtained through a convenience selection as questionnaires were distributed in front of the 7-Eleven stores across the area. The data were then analyzed with a software package for structural equation modeling. Results revealed that the causal relationship through the structural equation model provides a model is a good fit to the empirical data. Furthermore, the test of hypothesis of the structural equation model indicated that customer experience management contributed positive impacts on customer satisfaction, loyalty, and word of mouth; customer satisfaction created positive impacts on loyalty and word of mouth; and loyalty generated positive impacts on word of mouth, as the model is a good fit to the empirical data.
References
Aaker, D. A. (1991). Managing Brand Equity, New York: The Free Press.
Abror, A., Patrisia, D., Engriani, Y., Evanita, S., Yasri, Y., & Dastgir, S. (2019). Service Quality, Religiosity, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Engagement and Islamic Bank’s Customer Loyalty. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(6), 1691-1705.
Addae, E., Inkumsah, W. A., & Amponsah, R. Y. (2021). Customer Experience, Social Regard and Marketing Outcome (Satisfaction and Loyalty): Sub Saharan Oil Marketing Companies Perspective. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 25(1), 1-22.
Anastasiei, B., & Dospinescu, N. (2019). Electronic Word-Of-Mouth for Online Retailers: Predictors of Volume and Valence. Sustainability, 11(3), 814-832. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030814
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance Tests and Goodness of Fit in the Analysis of Covariance Structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
Bollen, K. A. (1989). A New Incremental Fit Index for General Structural Equation Models. Sociological Methods and Research, 17(3), 303-316.
Bowen, J. T., & Chen, S. L. (2001). The Relationship between Customer Loyalty and Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 13(5), 213-217. Doi:10.1108/09596110110395893
Brown, T. J., Barry, T. E., Dacin, P. A., & Gunst, R. F. (2005). Spreading the Word: Investigating Antecedents of Consumers’ Positive Word-of-Mouth Intentions and Behaviors in A Retailing Context. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 33(2), 123-138.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit. Sociological Methods and Research, 21(2), 230-258.
Budianto, A. (2019). Customer Loyalty: Quality of Service. Journal of Management Review, 3(1), 299-305.
Burns, D. J., & Neisner, L. (2006). Customer Satisfaction in a Retail Setting. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 34(1), 49-66.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336.
Comrey, A. L., and Lee, H. B. (1992). A First Course in Factor Analysis. NJ: Lawrence Eribaum Associates. Inc.
CP all. (2020). 3Q20 Performance Highlights. Retrieved from https://www.cpall.co.th/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/3Q20_Presentation_CPALL.pdf
De Maesschalck, R., Jouan-Rimbaud, D., & Massart, D. L. (2000). The Mahalanobis Distance. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 50(1), 1-18.
Dharmesti, M. D. D., & Nugroho, S. S. (2013). The Antecedents of Online Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 7(2), 1-12.
Diamantopoulos, A., Siguaw, J. A., & Cadogan, J. W. (2000). Export Performance: The Impact of Cross-Country Export Market Orientation. In proceeding of American Marketing Association. Conference (pp. 177). Chicago: American Marketing Association.
Fazal-e-Hasan, S. M., Ahmadi, H., Mortimer, G., Grimmer, M., & Kelly, L. (2018). Examining the Role of Consumer Hope in Explaining the Impact of Perceived Brand Value on Customer–Brand Relationship Outcomes in an Online Retailing Environment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 41, 101-111.
Fornell, C., & Wernerfelt, B. (1987). Defensive Marketing Strategy by Customer Complaint Management: A Theoretical Analysis. Journal of marketing research, 24(4), 337-346.
Fornell, C., Mithas, S., Morgeson III, F. V., & Krishnan, M. S. (2006). Customer Satisfaction and Stock Prices: High Returns, Low Risk. Journal of marketing, 70(1), 3-14.
Gentile, C., Spiller, N., & Noci, G. (2007). How to Sustain the Customer Experience: An Overview of Experience Components that Co-Create Value with the Customer? European management journal, 25(5), 395-410.
Gremler, D. D., & Brown, S. W. (1996). Service Loyalty: Its Nature, Importance, and Implications. Advancing service quality: A global perspective, 5(1), 171-181.
Grewal, D., Levy, M., & Kumar, V. (2009). Customer Experience Management in Retailing: An Organizing Framework. Journal of Retailing, 85(1), 1-14.
Han, H., & Ryu, K. (2009). The Roles of the Physical Environment, Price Perception, and Customer Satisfaction in Determining Customer Loyalty in the Restaurant Industry. Journal of hospitality & tourism research, 33(4), 487-510.
Holmes-Smith, P. (2001). Introduction to structural equation modeling using LISREL. Perth: ACSPRI-Winter training program.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
Hult, G. T. M., Sharma, P. N., Morgeson III, F. V., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Satisfaction: Do They Differ Across Online and Offline Purchases? Journal of Retailing, 95(1), 10-23.
Jain, R., Aagja, J., & Bagdare, S. (2017). Customer experience – a review and research agenda. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 27(3), 642-662.
Jha, S. (2018). Understanding reasons for the fall of Snapdeal's E-commerce market share. Sansmaran Research Journal, Special Issue, 1-28. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/openview/41884b9a0276be88120cac1ffcd371b3/1?cbl=2046061&pq-origsite=gscholar
Jones, T., & Taylor, S. F. (2007). The Conceptual Domain of Service Loyalty: How Many Dimensions? Journal of services marketing, 21(1), 36-51.
Kamran-Disfani, O., Mantrala, M. K., Izquierdo-Yusta, A., & Martínez-Ruiz, M. P. (2017). The Impact of Retail Store Format on the Satisfaction-Loyalty Link: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business Research, 77, 14-22. Doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.04.004
Klaus, P. P., & Maklan, S. (2013). Towards A Better Measure of Customer Experience. International Journal of Market Research, 55(2), 227-246.
Kline, R. B. (1998). Software Review: Software Programs for Structural Equation Modeling: Amos, EQS, and LISREL. Journal of psychoeducational assessment, 16(4), 343-364.
Kotler, P. (1997). Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control. A Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Ang, S. H., Tan, C. T., & Leong, S. M. (2018). Marketing Management: An Asian Perspective. (2nd ed). United Kingdom: Pearson.
Kumar, A., & Anjaly, B (2017). How to Measure Post-Purchase Customer Experience in Online Retailing? A Scale Development Study. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 45(12), 1277-1297.
Kuo, H. C., & Nakhata, C. (2019). The Impact of Electronic Word-Of-Mouth on Customer Satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 27(3), 331-348.
Lu, Y., & Seock, Y. K. (2008). The Influence of Grey Consumers' Service Quality Perception on Satisfaction and Store Loyalty Behavior. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 36(11), 901-918.
Mahapatra, B. S., & Mahapatra, G. S. (2010). Reliability and Cost Analysis of Series System Models Using Fuzzy Parametric Geometric Programming. Fuzzy Information and Engineering, 2(4), 399-411.
Suporn, S. (2019). CP Accelerates 24 Shopping Mobilize Products to The Online Market. Manager 360. Retrieved from https://cutt.ly/CbevHPO
Marketeer online. (2020). Online Shopping in 2020. Retrieved from https://marketeeronline.co/archives/165701.
Maxham, J. G., & Netemeyer, R. G. (2002). A Longitudinal Study of Complaining Customers' Evaluations of Multiple Service Failures and Recovery Efforts. Journal of marketing, 66(4), 57-71.
Mittal, V., & Frennea, C. (2010). Customer Satisfaction: A Strategic Review and Guidelines for Managers. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.
Moise, M. S., Gil-Saura, I., Šerić, M., & Molina, M. E. R. (2019). Influence of Environmental Practices on Brand Equity, Satisfaction and Word of Mouth. Journal of Brand Management, 26(6), 646-657.
Nunally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hil
Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty. Journal of marketing, 63(4_suppl1), 33-44.
Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step-by-Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS. New York: Routledge.
Prentice, C., & Loureiro, S. M. C. (2017). An Asymmetrical Approach to Understanding Configurations of Customer Loyalty in the Airline Industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 38, 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.05.005
Quan, N., Chi, N., Nhung, D., Ngan, N., & Phong, L. (2020). The Influence of Website Brand Equity, E-Brand Experience on E-Loyalty: The Mediating Role of E-Satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 10(1), 63-76.
Roy, S. (2018). Effects of Customer Experience across Service Types, Customer Types and Time. Journal of Services Marketing, 32(4), 400-413.
Sandström, S., Edvardsson, B., Kristensson, P., & Magnusson, P. (2008). Value in use through service experience. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 18(2), 112-126.
Schouten, J. W., McAlexander, J. H., & Koenig, H. F. (2007). Transcendent Customer Experience and Brand Community. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35(3), 357-368.
Shankar, A., Jebarajakirthy, C., & Ashaduzzaman, M. (2020). How Do Electronic Word of Mouth Practices Contribute to Mobile Banking Adoption? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52, 101920. doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101920
Shi, S., Wang, Y., Chen, X., & Zhang, Q. (2020). Conceptualization of omnichannel customer experience and its impact on shopping intention: A mixed-method approach. International Journal of Information Management, 50, 325-336.
Sweeney, B., & Boyle, B. (2005). Supervisory Actions, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions of Irish Trainee Accountants. Irish Accounting Review, 12(2), 47-73.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson.
TMB Analytics. (2020). The Role of E-Commerce in Thai Consumption. Retrieved from https://www.tmbbank.com/newsroom/news/pr/view/ecommerce-support-consumption.html
Wang, C. Y. (2010). Service Quality, Perceived Value, Corporate Image, And Customer Loyalty in The Context of Varying Levels of Switching Costs. Psychology & Marketing, 27(3), 252-262.
Wangenheim, F. V., & Bayón, T. (2007). The Chain from Customer Satisfaction Via Word-Of-Mouth Referrals to New Customer Acquisition. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35(2), 233-249.
Westbrook, R. A. (1987). Product/Consumption-Based Affective Responses and Post-Purchase Processes. Journal of Marketing Research, 24(3), 258-270.
Witell, L., Kowalkowski, C., Perks, H., Raddats, C., Schwabe, M., Benedettini, O., & Burton, J. (2020). Characterizing customer experience management in business markets. Journal of Business Research, 116, 420-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.08.050
Wu, Y. C., Lee, H. M., & Liao, P. R. (2018). What Do Customers Expect of Travel Agent–Customer Interactions? Measuring and Improving Customer Experience in Interactions with Travel Agents. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(8), 1000-1012.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
บทความที่ลงตีพิมพ์ในวารสารวิชาการบริหารธุรกิจ สมาคมสถาบันอุดมศึกษาเอกชนแห่งประเทศไทยต้องเป็นบทความที่ไม่เคยได้รับการตีพิมพ์เผยแพร่ หรืออยู่ระหว่างการพิจารณาตีพิมพ์ในวารสารอื่นๆ การละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์เป็นความรับผิดชอบของผู้ส่งบทความโดยตรง