The Development of Executive Function for 21st Century Preschool Children through Montessori Approach

Abstract

Executive  Functions (EF) is  a  significant skill which should be embedded to the preschool children aged from 3 to 6.This can be carried out by providing diverse experiences and arrange activities which give the opportunity for the preschool children  to take actions. The proper level of  EF can initiate memory, concentration, and efforts among the preschool children. EF enhance emotional understanding of themselves and others as well. Thus, the preschool children are equipped with self - protection which enables them to happily live in the changing world of 21^stcentury. The Montessori approach encourages the children to learn through self - practice  with the equipment arranged  by the teachers. “Hands”  is the key learning tool which  promotes four sides of development along  with skills and morality. Grounded on the characteristics, teaching  process, and environment of Montessori  approach  which bring freedom  and give opportunity of self - practice to the children through Montessori tools, three groups of EF are enhanced. The three EF groups comprising of basic group, self - directed skills group, and practical skills groups cover nine EF skills: working memory,  inhibitory control, shift/cognitive flexibility, focus/attention, emotional control, self - monitoring, initiating, planning and organizing, and goal -directed persistence.