Life Cycle Assessment of Incentive Travel: a case of Phitsanulok Province Life Cycle Assessment of Incentive Travel: a case of Phitsanulok Province
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
The study titled “Life Cycle Assessment of Incentive Travel: A Case of Phitsanulok Province” aims to evaluate the global warming potential throughout the life cycle of tourism related activities in incentive travel of Phitsanulok Province. It also proposes guidelines for conducting incentive travel activities in Phitsanulok Province following a low-carbon tourism approach. This quantitative research primarily uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as the main
research tool to assess the global warming potential of incentive travel events in Phitsanulok Province. The study examines for incentive travel. The global warming potential is considered for three types of energy sources: diesel fuel, electricity, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The evaluation results indicate that incentive travel events have the total global warming potential, with 23.33 kg CO2e per person. The travel activity with diesel fuel is higher global warming potential of 11.25 kg CO2e per person. The second highest is electrical appliance, wish
global warming potential of 10.15 kg CO2e per person. The activity with LPG has the lowest global warming potential, at 0.31 kg CO2e per person. Based on the LCA results of the activities with major GWP contributions, the proposed guidelines for promoting low-carbon tourism in the incentive travel in Phitsanulok Province include reducing travel distances for incentive travel, and choosing renewable energy sources for electricity.
Article Details
อนุญาตภายใต้เงื่อนไข Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
เอกสารอ้างอิง
Chumnanchar, B. (2020). READINESS OF THAILAND FOR INCENTIVE TOURISM HUB. Retrieved August 15, 2024 from https://shorturl.asia/Vckuw
Cristina Campos, H., et al. (2022). Tourism under a life cycle thinking approach: A review of perspectives and new challenges for the tourism sector in the last decades. Santander: University of Cantabria.
Energy Policy and Planning Office. (2013). Liquefied petroleum gas fuel for cooking. Retrieved May 5, 2023 from https://shorturl.asia/t9Kyo
Faculty of Fine and Applied Art, Prince of Songkhla University. (2015). Estimated fuel cost. Retrieved May 5, 2023 from https://shorturl.asia/UhrGI
Green Network. (16 November 2021). Paris Agreement. Retrieved December 18, 2023, from https://bit.ly/3NywHmP
International Organization for Standardization. (2006). ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework. Retrieved May 15, 2023 from https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html
Metropolitan Waterworks Authority. (2020). Did you know about water saving devices? How much money can you save in your pocket. Retrieved August 13, 2024 from https://today.line.me/th/v2/article/KL1JJR
Monrat, J. (2021). LOW CARBON TOURISM. Retrieved December 15, 2023 from https://bit.ly/3GHr0yW
Nicomsom, A. (2016). Management Process for Low Carbon Tourism: A Case Study of Koh Mak in Trad Province. Nakhon Pathom: Silpakorn University.
Nisachon, S. & Suthinee, R. (2015). The Approach of The Tourism Development for Incentive Travel to Motivate Employees in Private Higher Educational Institutes: A Case Study of Hatyai University. Songkhla: Hatyai University.
Nisarut, A. (2016). Guidelines for leveraging competitive advantages of meeting business in potential MICE cities. Bangkok: National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA).
Northern Development Plan. (2020). Northern Development Plan 2017 - 2022, revised edition. Retrieved December 15, 2023 from http://www.plan.cmru.ac.th/file_update/new_plan/budget2565/PlanNorth63.pdf
Phitsanulok Ministry of Tourism & Sports. (2020). Tourism statistics of Phitsanulok Province. Retrieved December 15, 2023 from https://shorturl.asia/kIDco
Phitsanulok Provincial Community Development Office. (2020). Report of the regular session in December 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2023 from https://bit.ly/3DqTTz2
Public Relations Office of Phitsanulok Province. (2023). Rafting on the Khek River. Retrieved
August 15, 2024 from https://shorturl.asia/WRle5
Rui, C. & Yanhua, M. & Jiangming, M. (2023). Carbon Footprint Analysis of Tourism Life Cycle: The Case of Guilin from 2011 to 2022. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University.
Suthira, P. & Kerdsiri, J. (2015). The Guildelines to marketing management for MICE industry in Hatyai District, Songkhla Province. Songkhla: Prince of Songkhla University.
Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau. (2011). MICE Movement in Asia. Retrieved May 5, 2023 fromhttps://shorturl.asia/ScyVM
Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau. (2021). Explore 10 best routes to enhance the experience of MICE City. Retrieved May 8, 2023 from https://bit.ly/42OhR17
Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau. (2021). TCEB launches 10 MICE cities in IT&CMA 2021 Virtual to penetrate international traveler market preparing for the opening of the country. Retrieved May 8, 2023, from https://bit.ly/3KTvQdU
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization. (2021). Emission Factor Classified by Type of Industry. Retrieved May 5, 2023 from https://shorturl.asia/BrvEY
Thaksina, W. (2017). A Strategy on the Development of Tourism Business for Incentive, Chiang Mai Province. Chiang Mai: Maejo University.
The Office of Strategy Management: Lower Northern Provincial Cluster 1. (2018). OSM general information. Retrieved May 15, 2023 from https://shorturl.asia/t1xlq
The World Economic Forum. (2022). Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index. Retrieved May 5, 2023 from https://shorturl.asia/3OcKu
United Nations Environment Programme. (2004). Why Take a Life Cycle Approach. Retrieved May 5, 2023 from https://shorturl.asia/Mey3K
Unruan, L. (2018). Guideline for Building Community Engagement Towards Low Carbon Community in Bangkok Metropolitan. Journal of Environmental Management. 12 (December): 7: 11.
Yusuke, K. & Selim, K. & Yuki, I. & Norihiro, I. (2020). Carbon Footprint Evaluation of the Business Event Sector in Japan. Tokyo: Tokyo City University.
Y. Lu. (2022). 6 benefits of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Retrieved December 15, 2023 from https://https://bit.ly/41y8jaG
