Eco-friendly product design made from rice straw

Abstract

 The research on the development of rice straw for eco-friendly product design aims to: 1) study and experiment with processes for utilizing agricultural waste—specifically rice straw—by comparing the use of sodium hydroxide, ash water, and microorganisms; 2 ) design environmentally friendly products made from rice straw; and 3 ) transfer knowledge about the production processes and rice straw-based products for sustainable product design to local communities.
This study employs a mixed-methods research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research with experimental studies to explore strategies for developing sustainable materials from rice straw. The research findings indicate that rice straw paper can be produced using sodium hydroxide, ash water, or microorganisms-each method resulting in different material properties. Sodium hydroxide is suitable for products that do not come into direct contact with food, such as lamps, bags, and paper packaging; however, it requires an effective wastewater treatment system. In contrast, ash water and microorganisms are more appropriate for food-contact products, such as food packaging and drinking straws. The research team has designed and developed eco-friendly products made from rice straw, with a focus on ease of production, compatibility with local community contexts, and alignment with the capacities of local enterprises. Resource efficiency was a key consideration throughout the development process. One of the products transferred to the community is a small, portable coin pouch inspired by the shape of rice straw stacks. Leftover materials from pouch production are repurposed into cable organizers shaped like rice grains. This product design emphasizes ease of manufacture using simple tools and straightforward processes, allowing community members to produce the items independently. The design is guided by the principles of ecological economics, integrating environmental and economic considerations throughout the product's entire lifecycle—from planning, design, and production to use and disposal. Following the technology transfer, community members developed a positive attitude toward rice straw products and recognized their potential to generate supplementary income, increase economic value, and reduce environmental impact.