Dynamics of the Hmong’s Silverware Business Network of Pa Klang in Nan Province during 1932–2016

Abstract

Hmong’s silverware business of Pa Klang began in 1932. The production, during this era  focused on decorative items made from pure silver sold among different Hmong groups through hawker traders who traveled to different Hmong villages for trading. Furthermore, the silverware was also sold to communities in lowland areas. In 1967, Hmong groups migrated the lowland area and settled at Pa Klang village in Nan province. From late 1977 to early 1987, silverware productions had been changed from traditional wares to jewelry and decorative items made from white gold and pure silver. The products were sold in Chiang Mai, Bangkok and Hmong communities who settled in the United States and France. After accumulating experience in silverware productions through modern market trading, the Hmong of Pa klang established the silverware production groups since the early  1995. Trading networks were also established with governmental offices and relatives who resided abroad. At present, Hmong’s silverware receives supports from governmental agencies to showcase their products at trade exhibitions in Thailand and abroad. Moreover, these products are regarded as an iconic representation of the unique Hmong identity during the annual celebration of Hmong’s New Year.