Cultural Heritage Management in Thailand: Common Barrier and the Possible Way to Survive
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Published:
Jul 27, 2017
Keywords:
Cultural heritage management Participatory process Social change
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Abstract
The initiate of cultural heritage management concept has been formulated in the ancient time and progressively developed in term of international organization like UNESCO, directly influencing on Thailand, from tangible to intangible heritage, and also the point of view in term of orientalism explaining the idea of western towards eastern in binary opposition: superiority/inferiority. This internalized concept has likely leads Thai authoritative unit to isolate local community from cultural heritage management. This article then has objective to demonstrate the evolution of cultural heritage management in international level influencing on the Thai one, and to discuss the current situation of Thai cultural heritage management through six-case study : Mahakan Fortress (Bangkok), Hellfire Pass Memorial Museum (Kanchanaburi), Inthakin Kiln Site Museum (Chiang Mai), stone-polished bronze-ware (Bangkok), Surin textile (Surin) and Mon costume and language (Lamphun) to display impacts of participatory process shortage and dramatically social change with recommendations to protect and preserve cultural heritages in Thai context
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Sookkasem, Y. (2016) Archaeologist, Regional Office of Fine Arts, Chiangmai. Interview. May 14, 2016
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Arrunnapaporn, A. B. (2011) Guideline for interpretation and development of new tourism destinations along the Death Railway, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Silpakorn University Journal 31(2), 6-20.
Asia-Pacific Cultural Center for UNESCO. (2007) Conference on Intangible Cultural Heritage and Intellectual Property Under the 2003 Convention : Seeking a Collaborative between ICH and IP. (2007), p.7, 23-27 March 2007, Maidens Hotel, New Delhi, India.
Australia ICOMOS (1979). Burra Charter. Retrieved on June 16, 2017, from https://australia.icomos.org/wp-content/uploads/Burra- Charter_1979.pdf.
Bhattarabhatwong, P. (2016) Local inhabitants. Interview, May 14, 2016
Bouchenaki, M. (2008) The 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding the Intangible Heritage: Development of the Convention and the First Step of Its Implementation, Training Course for Safeguarding the Intangible Heritage by ACCU.
Chaiyasut, S. (1981) Roman Art. Bangkok: Faculty of Archaeology.
Chanphangpetch, A. (2000) Temples and Budda Images of King Rama IV.. Retrieved on on June 9, 2016, from www.arch.kmitl.ac.th/publish/files/journal/2-43/2-2543-1.pdf.
Council of Europe. (1992) European Convention for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage: Valetta. Retrieved on June 16, 2017, from https://rm.coe.int/168007bd25.
Department of Cultural Promotion. (2016A) Vision, Strategy and Mission. Retrieved on June 18, 2017, from https://www.culture.go.th/culture_th/ewt_news.php?nid=3.
Department of Cultural Promotion. (2016B). Intangible Cultural Heritage. Retrieved on June 16, 2017, from https://ich.culture.go.th/.Fine Art
Department. (1985) Regulations on Conservation of Archeological Sites (2528 B.E). Retrieve on June 9, 2016, from https://www.finearts.go.th/inburimuseum/plugins/2012-11-27-14-10-05/ระเบียบ/item/การอนุรักษ์โบราณสถาน-A82528.
Fine Art Department. (1997) 84th of Fine Art Department and Pulpit. Bangkok: Fine Art Department
Fine Art Department. (2016) Task and Responsibility. Retrieved on June 9, 2016, from www.finearts.go.th/th/history.php? PHPSESSID=477f6c1fabe8ba84 30f2f552e30d2856.
Glumsom, Pranee (2006) Mahakarn Fortress Community: ‘the Past’ without the Future in Ancient Area in Bangkok 2. Bangkok: Muang Boran Press, pp. 229-247.
ICOMOS. (1975) Amsterdam Declaration. Retrieved on June 16, 2017, from https://www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/169-the-declaration-of-amsterdam.
ICOMOS. (1931) The Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments. Retrieved on June 16, 2017, from https://www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/167-the-athens-charter-for-the-restoration-of-historic-monuments.
ICOMOS. (1964) International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (the Venice Charter 1964). Retrieved on June 16, 2017, from https://www.icomos.org/charters/ venice_e.pdf. available.
ICOMOS. (1981) Historic Gardens the Florence Charter 1981. Retrieved from on June 16, 2017, from https://www.icomos.org/charters/gardens_e.pdf. available
ICOMOS. (1987) Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas ( the Washington Charter 1987). Retrieved on June 16, 2017, from https://www.icomos.org/charters/towns_e.pdf. access.
ICOMOS. (1990) Charter for Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage. Retrieved June 16, 2017, from https://www.icomos.org/charters/arch_e.pdfthe Lausanne Charter.
International Committee of the Red Cross. (1954) Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. Hague Convention.
Kanchanatthiti, P. (2009) Architectural and Urban Conservation. Bangkok : Chulalongkorn Press.
Kwanok, A. (2016) The Authenticity of Thai Archaeological Dances in Restaurants. Master of Arts Program (Cultural Management). College of Innovation. Thammasat University.
Ministry of Culture Thailand. (2016) History and Philosophy. Retrieved on June 10, 2016, from https://www.thaiwhic.go.th/en/Content. aspx?pid=2.
Ministry of Education. (2015) Strategies of Ministry of Education.Retrieved on June 12, 2016, from https://www.moe.go.th/moe/th/office/index.php?SystemModuleKey=office
Muangkaen Municipality. (2013). Tourism Source. Retrieved on June 28,2017, from https://www.muangkaen.go.th/index.php?_mod=dHJhdmVs&no=Mg.
Ombudsman (2007). The Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand. (2550 B.E). Retrieved on June 16, 2017, from https://www.ombudsman.go.th/10/documents/law/Constitution2550.pdf.
Parliament. (2016). Act of Promotion and Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage 2559 (A.D). Retrieved on June 16, 2017, from https://library2.parliament.go.th/giventake/content_nla2557/law19-010359-1.pdf.
Pearson M. & Sullivan S. (2001) Looking After Heritage Places: The Basics of Heritage Planning for Managers, Landowners and Administrators, Melbourne : Melbourne University Press.
Prakitnonthakan, C. (2003) Mahakan Fortess: Preserve or Damage History. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn
Anthropology Center. (2013) Mapping Intangible Cultural Heritage in Surin Province: Intangible Cultural Heritage and Museums in Surin Province. Edited by Alexandra Denes.Bangkokk :Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Center.Art and Culture Journal 24(3), 129-135.
Sae-Wang, R. (2012) Femininity in Lanna Architecture : an Interpretative Essay. Dissertation. Faculty of Architecture. Silpakorn University.
Sae-Wang, R. (2015) ‘Spirit of the loom: The Conservation and commodification of Surin’s textile cultural heritage’, International Journal of Intangible Heritage 10, 85-100
Said, E. (1978) Orientalism. New York: Vintage Book
Sarashima, S. (2013) Community as a landscape of intangible cultural heritage: Basho-fu in Kijoka, a Japanese example of traditional woven textile and its relationship with the public. International Journal of Intangible Heritage, 8, 136-152.
Sitthilert, Suphachai (2016) Curator of Royal Museum, Chiangmai. Interview. April 21, 2016.
Sookkasem, Y. (2016) Archaeologist, Regional Office of Fine Arts, Chiangmai. Interview. May 14, 2016
Tangphan, S. & Werasuksawad, W. (1990) Mural Painting in Bangkok, Bangkok: Department of Mural Paintings and Sculpture.
Thawornthanasarn, W. (2002) Thai Elite and Acceptance of Western Culture. Bangkok: Muang Boran Press.
Timothy, D. & Boyd, S. (2003) Heritage Tourism. London: Pearson Education Limited.
Tourism Authority of Thailand. (2016) Hellfire Pass Memorial Museum. Retrieved on June 17, 2017, from https://thai.tourismthailand.org/สถานที่ท่องเที่ยว /ช่องเขาขาดพิพิธภัณฑสถานแห่งความทรงจำ--258.
UNESCO. (1956) Recommendation on International Principles Applicable to Archaeological Excavation.
Retrieved on June 16, 2017,
fromhttps://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.phpURL_ID=13062&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html.
UNESCO. (1970) Cultural Rights as Human Rights. Paris: Instituto Grafico Casagrande.
UNESCO. (1972) Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Retrieved on June 17, 2016, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/.
UNESCO. (1989) Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore. Retrieved on June 17, 2017, from https://portal. unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13141&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html.
UNESCO. (2001) Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. Retrieved on June 17, 2017, from https://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13179&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html.
UNESCO. (2003) Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Retrieved on June 17, 2017, from https://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=17716&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html.
UNESCO.(2006A) Tourism, Culture and Sustainable Development. Retrieved on June 17, 2017, from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001475/147578e.pdf.
UNESCO. (2006B) Towards Sustainable Strategies for Creative Tourism.Discussion of the Planning for 2008 International Conference on Creative Tourism.Santa Fe, October 25-25, 2006.
Wangsrangboon, S. (2016) Why eviction from Mahakan Fortess Community is significant?. Retrieve on June 12, 2016, from https:// www.posttoday.com/social/think/424984.
WIPO. (1982) Model Provision for National Laws on the Protection of Expression of Folklore against Illicit Exploitation and Other Prejudicial Action, Section 2, p.1
Wongthes, Suchit (no date). Article of Museum: Wisdom of Museum. No publish place.