The Influence of Self-monitoring and Locus of Control on Burnout of Thai Employees
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Published:
Apr 24, 2017
Keywords:
Burnout Self-Monitoring Locus of Control Thai Employees
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Abstract
Many employees have been suffered from the long term effects of stress which leads to exhaustion and eventually leads to burnout which is the last stage of stress. Not only unable to carry out the normal duties, employees who experience burnout may need to seek medical assistance as well as psychological help since a person experiences lack of self-esteem and dissatisfaction with the job, physical and mental symptoms and lower levels of productivity when experiencing burnout. Previous researches indicated that burnout may result from work related factors as well as some personality traits of the employees. This study focused on the influence of self-monitoring and locus of control on burnout. Three dimensions of burnout, i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment were emphasized as the consequences of the self-monitoring behavior. A sample size of 395 Thai employees in management and operational positions were selected randomly. The Structural equation modeling and t-test analyses were performed to test hypotheses. The results indicated that higher self-monitoring employees had lower depersonalization. Employees with external locus of control had higher depersonalization and emotional exhaustion comparing to those with internal locus of control. In addition, employees with management and operational positions had no difference in locus of control and self-monitoring level.
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References
Akert, R. M., Aronson, E. and Wilson, T. D. (2007) Social psychology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Alarcon, G., Eschleman, K. and Bowling, N. (2009) Relationships between Personality Variables and Burnout: A Meta-Analysis. Work & Stress 23(3): 244-63.
Ali, M., Pormosa, H. and Ali, I. (2015) The Relationship of Locus of Control and Burnout of Professors of Shahid Bahonar University in Kerman. Journal of Social Issues & Humanities 3(3): 2345-2633.
Barrick, M. R., Parks L. and Mount, M. K. (2005) Self-Monitoring as a Moderator of the Relationships between Personality Traits and Performance. Personnel Psychology 58(3): 745-747.
Bibeau, G., Dussault, G., Larouche, L. M., Lippel, K., Saucier, J. F., Vezina, M. Y. and Vidal, J. M. (1989) Certains aspects culturels, diagnostiques et juridiques de burnout [Some cultural, diagnostic and juridical aspects of burnout]. Montreal: Confédération des Syndicats Nationaux.
Blakery, G. L., Andrews, M. C. and Fuller, J. (2003) Are Cameleons citizens? A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship between Self-Monitoring and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Business and Psychology 18(2): 131-143.
Boone, C., Van Olffen, W. and Van Witteloostuijn, A. (2005) Team Locus of Control Composition and Leadership Structure Information and Acquisition, and Financial Performance: A Business Study Simulation. Academy of Management Journal 48(5): 889-909.
Cassel, J. (1976) The contribution of social environment to host resistance. American Journal of Epidemiology 104(2): 107–123.
Cherniss, C. (1980a) Professional Burnout in Human Service Organization. New York: Praeger.Cobb, S. (1976) Social Support as a Moderator of Life Stress. Psychosomatic Medicine 38(5): 300–314.
Day, D. and Schleicher, D. (2006) Self-monitoring at Work: A Motive based Perspective. Journal of Personality 74: 685-710.
Flynn, F., Reagans, R., Amanatullah, E. and Ames, D. (2006) Helping One’s Way to the Top: Self-Monitors Achieve Status by Helping Others and Knowing Who Helps Whom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91(6): 1123–1137.
Freudenberger, H. J. (1974) Staff Burn out. Journal of Social Issues I: 159-164.
Ghasemian, D., Tabatabaei, T. and Ebrahimi, S. (2014) Relationship between Burnout and Personality Traits, a Study among Doctors and Staff of Mazandaran Legal Medicine Organization, Iran. Journal of Social Issues & Humanities 2(8):8-10.
Gould, S. (1993) Assessing Self-Concept Discrepancy in Consumer Behavior: The Joint Effect of Private Self-Consciousness and Self-Monitoring. Advances in Consumer Research 20: 419-424.
Grob, A. (2000) Perceived Control and Subjective Well-Being Across Nations and Across the Life-Span. In E. Diener, & E.M. Suh (Eds.), Culture and subjective well-being, Massachusetts:MIT Press: 319-339.
Hellriegel, D., Slocum, J. W. and Woodman, R. W. (2010) Organizational behaviour. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Hsieh, Y. and Wang, M. (2012) The Moderating Role of Personality in HRM - from the Influence of Job Stress on Job Burnout Perspective. International Management Review 8(2): 1–15.
Johnnie, Dent Jr. (ND) Burnout Quotation. [Online URL: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/ burnout] accessed on May 28, 2015.
Kizilci, S., Erdogan, V. and Sozen, E. (2012) The Influence of Selected Personality and Workplace Features on Burnout among Nurse Academics. The Turkish online Journal of Educational Technology 11(4):307-15.
Kulshrestha, U. and Sen, C. (2006) Subjective Well-being in Relation to Emotional Intelligence and Locus of Control among Executives, Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 32: 93-98.
Leiter, M. P. and Maslach, C. (1988) The Impact of Interpersonal Environment on Burnout and Organizational Commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior 9(4): 297-308.
Leiter, M. P. and Maslach, C. (2001) Burnout and Quality in a Speed-up World. Journal for Quality & Participation 24: 48–51.
Leiter, M. P. and Maslach, C. (2004) In P. L. Perrewe & D. C. Ganster (Eds.), Research in occupational stress and well-being 3: 91–134.
Maslach, C. (1976) Burned out. Human Behavior 5: 16-22.
Maslach, C. (1982a) Burnout: The cost of caring. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Maslach, C.(1982b) Understanding Burnout: Definitional Issues in Analyzing a Complex Phenomenon. En W.S. Paine (ed.). Job Stress and Burnout, pp. 29-40. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Maslach, C. and Jackson, S. (1981) The Measurement of Experienced Burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior 2: 1-15.
Maslach, C. and Jackson, S. (1986) The Maslach Burnout Inventory. Palo Alto, Calif: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Maslach, C. and Leiter, M. P. (1997) The Truth about Burnout. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E. and Leiter, M. P. (1996) Maslach Burnout Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Pres.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, B. W. and Leiter, P. P. (2001) Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology 52: 397-422.
Mehra, A., Kilduff, M. and Brass, D. J. (2001) The Social Networks of High and Low Self-Monitors: Implications for Workplace Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly 46: 121–146.
Owusu-Ansah, F. E. (2008) Control Perceptions and Control Appraisal: Relation to Measures of Subjective Well-Being. Ghana Medical Journal 42(2): 61–67.
Paterniti, S., Niedhammer, I., Lang, T. and Consoli, S. M. (2002) Psychosocial Factors at Work, Personality Traits and Depressive Symptoms. Longitudinal Results from the GAZEL Study. British Journal of Psychiatry 181:111–117.
Qiang, W., Bowling, N. A. and Eschleman, K. J. (2010) A Meta-analytic Examination of Work and General Locus of Control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(4): 761-768.
Roddenberry, A. and Renk, K. (2010) Locus of Control and Self-Efficacy: Potential Mediators of Stress, Illness, and Utilization of Health Services in College Students. Child Psychiatry Human Development 41(4): 353-70.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) Generalized Expectancies for Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement. Psychological Medicine Monograph Supplement 80(1): 1-28
Rotter, J. B. (1989) American Psychologist 44: 625-625.
Rydell, A. and Henricsson, L., (2004) Elementary School Teachers’ Strategies to Handle Externalizing Classroom Behavior: A Study of Relations between Perceived Control,Teacher Orientation and Strategy Preferences. Scandanavian Journal of Psychology 45: 93-102.
Segrin, C. and Taylor, M. (2007) Positive Interpersonal Relationships Mediate the Association between Social Skills and Psychological Well-Being. Personality and Individual Differences 43: 637–646.
Selye, H. (1967) Stress in Health and Disease. Boston: Butterworth.
Skovholt, T. M. (2001) The Resilient Practitioner. Needham Heights, MA: A Pearson Education Company.
Snyder, M. (1974) Self-Monitoring of Expressive Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 30: 526–537.
Snyder, M. (1974) Self-Monitoring of Expressive Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 30: 526–537.
Stets, J. and Turner, J. (2007) Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions. New York: Springer.
Tennant, C. (2001) Work-related Stress and Depressive Disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 51: 697–704.
Tillman, C., Smith, F. A. and Tillman, W. R. (2010) Work Locus of Control and the Multidimensionality of Job Satisfaction.Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications & Conflict14(2): 107-125.
Turnley, W. H. and Bolino, M. C. (2001) Achieving Desired Images while Avoiding Undesired Images: Exploring the Role of Self-monitoring in Impression Management. Journal of Applied Psychology 86(2), 351–360.
Wang, P. S., Beck, A. L., Berglund, P., McKenas, D. K., Pronk, N. P., Simon, G. E. and Kessler, R. C. (2004) Effects of Major Depression on Moment-in-time Work Performance. American Journal of Psychiatry 161(10): 1885–1891.
Wharton, A. S. (1993) The Affective Consequences of Service Work: Managing Emotions on the Job. Work and Occupations 20(2): 205–232.
Wilson, T. D. (2007) Social psychology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
Yukiko, W. and Yuko, S. (2006) Characterization of Burnout and Interpersonal Relationships-Overall and Age-stratified Analyses of Nurses Working in Palliative Care Units. Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science 26(2): 76-86.
Alarcon, G., Eschleman, K. and Bowling, N. (2009) Relationships between Personality Variables and Burnout: A Meta-Analysis. Work & Stress 23(3): 244-63.
Ali, M., Pormosa, H. and Ali, I. (2015) The Relationship of Locus of Control and Burnout of Professors of Shahid Bahonar University in Kerman. Journal of Social Issues & Humanities 3(3): 2345-2633.
Barrick, M. R., Parks L. and Mount, M. K. (2005) Self-Monitoring as a Moderator of the Relationships between Personality Traits and Performance. Personnel Psychology 58(3): 745-747.
Bibeau, G., Dussault, G., Larouche, L. M., Lippel, K., Saucier, J. F., Vezina, M. Y. and Vidal, J. M. (1989) Certains aspects culturels, diagnostiques et juridiques de burnout [Some cultural, diagnostic and juridical aspects of burnout]. Montreal: Confédération des Syndicats Nationaux.
Blakery, G. L., Andrews, M. C. and Fuller, J. (2003) Are Cameleons citizens? A Longitudinal Study of the Relationship between Self-Monitoring and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Business and Psychology 18(2): 131-143.
Boone, C., Van Olffen, W. and Van Witteloostuijn, A. (2005) Team Locus of Control Composition and Leadership Structure Information and Acquisition, and Financial Performance: A Business Study Simulation. Academy of Management Journal 48(5): 889-909.
Cassel, J. (1976) The contribution of social environment to host resistance. American Journal of Epidemiology 104(2): 107–123.
Cherniss, C. (1980a) Professional Burnout in Human Service Organization. New York: Praeger.Cobb, S. (1976) Social Support as a Moderator of Life Stress. Psychosomatic Medicine 38(5): 300–314.
Day, D. and Schleicher, D. (2006) Self-monitoring at Work: A Motive based Perspective. Journal of Personality 74: 685-710.
Flynn, F., Reagans, R., Amanatullah, E. and Ames, D. (2006) Helping One’s Way to the Top: Self-Monitors Achieve Status by Helping Others and Knowing Who Helps Whom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91(6): 1123–1137.
Freudenberger, H. J. (1974) Staff Burn out. Journal of Social Issues I: 159-164.
Ghasemian, D., Tabatabaei, T. and Ebrahimi, S. (2014) Relationship between Burnout and Personality Traits, a Study among Doctors and Staff of Mazandaran Legal Medicine Organization, Iran. Journal of Social Issues & Humanities 2(8):8-10.
Gould, S. (1993) Assessing Self-Concept Discrepancy in Consumer Behavior: The Joint Effect of Private Self-Consciousness and Self-Monitoring. Advances in Consumer Research 20: 419-424.
Grob, A. (2000) Perceived Control and Subjective Well-Being Across Nations and Across the Life-Span. In E. Diener, & E.M. Suh (Eds.), Culture and subjective well-being, Massachusetts:MIT Press: 319-339.
Hellriegel, D., Slocum, J. W. and Woodman, R. W. (2010) Organizational behaviour. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Hsieh, Y. and Wang, M. (2012) The Moderating Role of Personality in HRM - from the Influence of Job Stress on Job Burnout Perspective. International Management Review 8(2): 1–15.
Johnnie, Dent Jr. (ND) Burnout Quotation. [Online URL: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/ burnout] accessed on May 28, 2015.
Kizilci, S., Erdogan, V. and Sozen, E. (2012) The Influence of Selected Personality and Workplace Features on Burnout among Nurse Academics. The Turkish online Journal of Educational Technology 11(4):307-15.
Kulshrestha, U. and Sen, C. (2006) Subjective Well-being in Relation to Emotional Intelligence and Locus of Control among Executives, Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 32: 93-98.
Leiter, M. P. and Maslach, C. (1988) The Impact of Interpersonal Environment on Burnout and Organizational Commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior 9(4): 297-308.
Leiter, M. P. and Maslach, C. (2001) Burnout and Quality in a Speed-up World. Journal for Quality & Participation 24: 48–51.
Leiter, M. P. and Maslach, C. (2004) In P. L. Perrewe & D. C. Ganster (Eds.), Research in occupational stress and well-being 3: 91–134.
Maslach, C. (1976) Burned out. Human Behavior 5: 16-22.
Maslach, C. (1982a) Burnout: The cost of caring. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Maslach, C.(1982b) Understanding Burnout: Definitional Issues in Analyzing a Complex Phenomenon. En W.S. Paine (ed.). Job Stress and Burnout, pp. 29-40. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Maslach, C. and Jackson, S. (1981) The Measurement of Experienced Burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior 2: 1-15.
Maslach, C. and Jackson, S. (1986) The Maslach Burnout Inventory. Palo Alto, Calif: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Maslach, C. and Leiter, M. P. (1997) The Truth about Burnout. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E. and Leiter, M. P. (1996) Maslach Burnout Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Pres.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, B. W. and Leiter, P. P. (2001) Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology 52: 397-422.
Mehra, A., Kilduff, M. and Brass, D. J. (2001) The Social Networks of High and Low Self-Monitors: Implications for Workplace Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly 46: 121–146.
Owusu-Ansah, F. E. (2008) Control Perceptions and Control Appraisal: Relation to Measures of Subjective Well-Being. Ghana Medical Journal 42(2): 61–67.
Paterniti, S., Niedhammer, I., Lang, T. and Consoli, S. M. (2002) Psychosocial Factors at Work, Personality Traits and Depressive Symptoms. Longitudinal Results from the GAZEL Study. British Journal of Psychiatry 181:111–117.
Qiang, W., Bowling, N. A. and Eschleman, K. J. (2010) A Meta-analytic Examination of Work and General Locus of Control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(4): 761-768.
Roddenberry, A. and Renk, K. (2010) Locus of Control and Self-Efficacy: Potential Mediators of Stress, Illness, and Utilization of Health Services in College Students. Child Psychiatry Human Development 41(4): 353-70.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) Generalized Expectancies for Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement. Psychological Medicine Monograph Supplement 80(1): 1-28
Rotter, J. B. (1989) American Psychologist 44: 625-625.
Rydell, A. and Henricsson, L., (2004) Elementary School Teachers’ Strategies to Handle Externalizing Classroom Behavior: A Study of Relations between Perceived Control,Teacher Orientation and Strategy Preferences. Scandanavian Journal of Psychology 45: 93-102.
Segrin, C. and Taylor, M. (2007) Positive Interpersonal Relationships Mediate the Association between Social Skills and Psychological Well-Being. Personality and Individual Differences 43: 637–646.
Selye, H. (1967) Stress in Health and Disease. Boston: Butterworth.
Skovholt, T. M. (2001) The Resilient Practitioner. Needham Heights, MA: A Pearson Education Company.
Snyder, M. (1974) Self-Monitoring of Expressive Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 30: 526–537.
Snyder, M. (1974) Self-Monitoring of Expressive Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 30: 526–537.
Stets, J. and Turner, J. (2007) Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions. New York: Springer.
Tennant, C. (2001) Work-related Stress and Depressive Disorders. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 51: 697–704.
Tillman, C., Smith, F. A. and Tillman, W. R. (2010) Work Locus of Control and the Multidimensionality of Job Satisfaction.Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications & Conflict14(2): 107-125.
Turnley, W. H. and Bolino, M. C. (2001) Achieving Desired Images while Avoiding Undesired Images: Exploring the Role of Self-monitoring in Impression Management. Journal of Applied Psychology 86(2), 351–360.
Wang, P. S., Beck, A. L., Berglund, P., McKenas, D. K., Pronk, N. P., Simon, G. E. and Kessler, R. C. (2004) Effects of Major Depression on Moment-in-time Work Performance. American Journal of Psychiatry 161(10): 1885–1891.
Wharton, A. S. (1993) The Affective Consequences of Service Work: Managing Emotions on the Job. Work and Occupations 20(2): 205–232.
Wilson, T. D. (2007) Social psychology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
Yukiko, W. and Yuko, S. (2006) Characterization of Burnout and Interpersonal Relationships-Overall and Age-stratified Analyses of Nurses Working in Palliative Care Units. Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science 26(2): 76-86.