A Study of Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Agriculture Conservation as a Means to Develop Rural Farms as Agritourism Destinations
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Keywords:
Agritourism Sustainable Agriculture Cultural Heritage Rural Farm Conservation
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Abstract
Rural communities possess advantages of natural resources and culture heritage to attract agritourism development; its success will greatly increase if rural communities observe and practice self-sufficiency farming and employ sustainable agriculture practices while preserving their local cultural heritage. The objective of this paper is to investigate the rural cultural heritage, the agricultural landscape, the local traditions, the local sustainable agriculture practices, the locally practiced sustainable conservation methods, and farmers sensitivity to conservation that are appropriate for agritourism development. In addition, the conservation of local farming traditions and cultural heritage can serve as the basic foundation for agritourism destination farm development. The awareness of vernacular landscape, culturally constructed landscape, farming livelihood, cultural heritage, and traditional self-sustaining agricultural practices are the strong building blocks to foster prosperity, ecological integrity, cultural identity, social well-being, self-sufficiency, biodiversity, and sustainable conservation in rural villages that wish to become the agritourism destination.
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References
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Israel, G. D. (2003) Determining sample size. Gainesville, Florida: IFAS Extension: University of Florida.
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Marques, H. (2006) Searching for complementarities between agriculture and tourism-the demarcated wine-producing regions of northern Portugal. Tourism Economics, 12: 147-155.
McNamara, K. and Weiss, C. (2001) On-and Off-Farm Diversification. In AAEA-CAES Meeting, pp. 2,6. Chicago, IL: AAEA-CAES.
Meekaew, N. and Srisontisuk, S. (2012) Cultural commidification for tourism and its impact on local community. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, 42: 34.
Moncharoen, P., Vearsilip, T. and Eswaran, H. (2001) Land resources constraints for sustainable agriculture in Thailand. In Sustaining the Global Farm: 10th International Conservation Organization Meeting, pp. 179-185. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University.
Ohe, Y. (2006) Retired baby boomers as operators of sustainable rural tourism: the roles and significance. In Sustainable Tourism II, edited by C. Brebbia and F. Pineda, pp. 251-260. Great Britain: WIT Press.
Ohe, Y. and Ciani, A. (2014) Accesssing demand characteristics of agritourism in Italy . Tourism and Hospitality Management 18(2): 281-296.
Pakdeepinit, P. (2007) A Model for sustainable tourism deveopment in Kwan Phayao Lake Rim communities, Payao Province, Upper Northern. Bangkok: Silpakorn University.
Pattananurot, P. (2012) The Old buildings and conservation guidelines developed for city area community Chiang Khan, Loei Thailand. Procedia Engineering 32: 1183-1190.
Phandee, M. C. and Pinthong, P. (2012) The agricultural areas potentials development for agro-tourism using geographic information system. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology 3(6): 647-650.
Prideaux, B., Timothy, D. J. and Chon, K. (2008) Cultural and heritage tourism in Asia and Pacific. New York, NY: Routledge.
Roberts, L. and Hall, D. (2001a) Rural Tourism and recreation: Principle to practice. New York: CABI Publishing.
Roberts, L. and Hall, D. (2001b) The Nature of supply or the supply of nature. In Rural tourism and recreation: principle to practice. New York: CABI Publishing.
Roling, N. and Jiggins, J. (1996) The Ecological knowledge system. In Technical and social systems approaches for sustainable rural development: Proceedings of the second European symposium of the association of farming systems, edited by W. Doppler and J. Calatrava, pp. 242-246. Granada, Spain: Margraf Verlag.
Salazar, N. B. and Porter, B. W. (2004) Cultural heritage and tourism: A public interest approach introduction. Heritage and Tourism, PIA and Global Interest 11: 2-8.
Sartipipour, M. (2012) Cultural landscape and rural development. International Journal of Humanity and Social Science 2(8): 91-96.
Sharpley, R. and Sharpley, J. (1997) Rural tourism: An introduction. Boston, MA: International Thomson Publishing Inc.
Songkhla, T. N. and Somboonsuke, B. (2013) Interactions between agro-tourism and local agricultural resources management: A case study of agro-tourism destinations in Chang klang District, southern of Thailand. Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 1(3): 54-67.
Srisomyong, N. (2010) Agricultural diversification into agritourism: The case of Thailand. International Journal of Agricultural Travel and Tourism 1(1): 107-118.
Šukalo, M. (2013) Ethno festival of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina: Study on tourism and intangible cultural heritage. Madrid, Spain: UN-WTO.
Suksri, P., Moriizumi, Y., Hondo, H. and Wake, Y. (2008) Sustainable agriculture in Thailand– An evaluation on the sustainability in ethanol production. Digital Asia Regional Strategy Research Center. [Online URL: https://www.hondo.ynu.ac.jp/hiroki/sustainable_agriculture_E.pdf] accessed December 15, 2014.
Suwanraks, R. (2000) Summary of discussion: The 1999 TDRI year-end conference “sufficiency economy”. TDRI Quarterly Review 15(1): 6-17.
The King, H. M. (2007) H. M. The King’s address delivered on his birthday anniversary on 4 December 1998. Bangkok, Thailand: Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board.
Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). (2012) Agrotourism: Green travel in Thailand. Bangkok: Attractions Promotion Division and Product Promotion Department.
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2013) Study on tourism and intangible cultural heritage. Spain: World Tourism Organization. Wikipedia. (2013). Isan. [Online URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isan] accessed on December 10, 2013.
Yamane, T. (1967) Statistics, An Introductory analysis, 2nd ed., New York: Harper and Row.
Barbieri, C. and Mshenga, P. M. (2008) The role of the firm and owner characteristic on the performance of agritourism farms. Sociologia Ruralis 48: 166-183.
Bhattacharya, A. (2013) Making art for livelihood – Scroll Painters Village in west Bengal, India: Study on tourism and intangible cultural heritage. Madrid, Spain: UNWTO.
Boonratana, R. (2010) Community-based tourism in Thailand: The need and justification for an operational definition. The Kasetsart Journal: Social Science 31(2): 280-289.
Bruch, M. L. (2013) An Introduction to agritourism. Tennessee center for profitable agriculture.
Buch-Hansena, M. (2001) Is sustainable agriculture in Thailand feasible? Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 18(2-3): 137-160.
Buhom sub district agriculture local office. (2013) General village information and district three-year developing strategic plans. Buhom, Chiangkhan: Buhom sub district hall office.
Buhom Sub-district Office. (2013) River map of Chiangkhan district: rivers and villages. Buhom, Chiangkhan, Loei, Thailand: Chiang khan District Office.
Burr, S. W. and Petrtyl, B. R. (2011) Liability issues and agritourism development. Utah: Utah State University Cooperative Extension. [Online URL: https://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/factsheet/IORT_027.pdf] accessed on December 20, 2013.
Catibog-Sinha, C. and Wechtunyagul, P. (2011) Natural and cultural heritage. Perceived importance for tourism: a case study in Thailand. Journal of Tourism and Sustainability 1(1): 29-45.
Chiangkhan, Loei (2013) History telling [Online URL: https://sites.google.com/site/chiangkhanloei/] accessed on December 23, 2013.
Colliver, A., Calder, M., Ryan, L., White, C. and Fien, J. (2010) Teaching and learning for a sustainable future - Module 15: Sustainable agriculture. Paris, France: UNESCO- World Heritage Centre.
Colwell, R. N. (1997) Manual of photographic interpretation. Bethesda, Maryland: American Society for Photograpmetry and Remote Sensing.
Council of Europe. (2008) The rural vernacular habitat, A heritage in our landscape. Futuropa 1: 1-32.
Davis, P. and Corsane, G. (2014) Communities, heritage and new culture landscape. In New cultural landscapes, edited by M. Roe, and K. T., pp. 118-135. Abingdon UK: Routledge.
Google Maps. (2013, November 15) Chiangkhan district, Loei, Thailand with terrain. [Online URL: https://maps.google.com/maps?q=google.com&ie=UTF-8&ei=hqn1UujQL86pkQXAp4Bg&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAg].
Hall, C. M., Hultman, J. and Gössling, S. (2011) Tourism mobolity locality and sustainable rural development. In Sustainable tourism in rural Europe: approaches to development, edited by D. V. Macleod and S. A. Gillespie, pp. 29-41. New York, NY: Routledge.
Hirokawa, S. (2010) Promoting sustainable agriculture development and farmer empowerment in northeast Thailand. In 4th Asian Rural Sociology Association (ARSA) International Conference, pp. 354-363. Legazpi City, Philippines: Asian Rural Sociology Association (ARSA).
Huh, J. (2002) Tourist satisfaction with cultural heritage sites: The Virginia historic triangle. Virginia USA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Israel, G. D. (2003) Determining sample size. Gainesville, Florida: IFAS Extension: University of Florida.
Janvry, de Alain, Elisabeth, S. and Zhu, N, (2005) The role of non-farm incomes in reducing rural poverty and inequality in China.eScholarship [Online URL: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ts2z766#page-1 ] accessed on December 20, 2013.
Jensen, J. R. (2000) Remote sensing of the environment. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Jitsanguan, T. (2001) Sustainable agriculture systems for small-scale farmers in Thailand: Implications for the environment. Bangkok: Kasetsart University: Food and Fertilizer Technology Center.
Khanal, B. R. and Babar, J. T. (2007) Community-Based Ecotourism for Sustainable Tourism Development in the Mekhong Region. Hanoi, Vietnam: CUTS Hanoi Resource Center.
Kizos, T. and Iosifides, T. (2007) The contradiction of agrotourism development in Greece: evidence from three case studies. South European Society and Politics 12(1): 59-77.
Kurnianto, B. T., Sugiyanto, Hidayat, K. & Sukesi, K. (2013) Agrotourism Development Strategies Based on Institutional at Wonorejo Reservoir, Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia. Journal of Environment and Earth Science 3(8): 11-17.
Lewis, J. B. (2001) Self-develped rural tourism: a method of sustainable torism development. In Tousim, recreation and sustainability: linking culture and the environment, edited by S. F. McCool and R. N. Moisey, pp. 177-194. New York. NY: CABI Publishing.
Lichtfouse, E., Navarrete, M., Debaeke, P., Souchère, V., Alberola, C. and Ménassieu, J. (2009) Agronomy for sustainable agriculture: A review. In Sustainable agriculture, edited by E. Lichtfouse, M. Navarrete, P. Debaeke, V. Souchère, and C. Alberola, pp. 1-7. New York: Springer.
Marques, H. (2006) Searching for complementarities between agriculture and tourism-the demarcated wine-producing regions of northern Portugal. Tourism Economics, 12: 147-155.
McNamara, K. and Weiss, C. (2001) On-and Off-Farm Diversification. In AAEA-CAES Meeting, pp. 2,6. Chicago, IL: AAEA-CAES.
Meekaew, N. and Srisontisuk, S. (2012) Cultural commidification for tourism and its impact on local community. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, 42: 34.
Moncharoen, P., Vearsilip, T. and Eswaran, H. (2001) Land resources constraints for sustainable agriculture in Thailand. In Sustaining the Global Farm: 10th International Conservation Organization Meeting, pp. 179-185. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University.
Ohe, Y. (2006) Retired baby boomers as operators of sustainable rural tourism: the roles and significance. In Sustainable Tourism II, edited by C. Brebbia and F. Pineda, pp. 251-260. Great Britain: WIT Press.
Ohe, Y. and Ciani, A. (2014) Accesssing demand characteristics of agritourism in Italy . Tourism and Hospitality Management 18(2): 281-296.
Pakdeepinit, P. (2007) A Model for sustainable tourism deveopment in Kwan Phayao Lake Rim communities, Payao Province, Upper Northern. Bangkok: Silpakorn University.
Pattananurot, P. (2012) The Old buildings and conservation guidelines developed for city area community Chiang Khan, Loei Thailand. Procedia Engineering 32: 1183-1190.
Phandee, M. C. and Pinthong, P. (2012) The agricultural areas potentials development for agro-tourism using geographic information system. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology 3(6): 647-650.
Prideaux, B., Timothy, D. J. and Chon, K. (2008) Cultural and heritage tourism in Asia and Pacific. New York, NY: Routledge.
Roberts, L. and Hall, D. (2001a) Rural Tourism and recreation: Principle to practice. New York: CABI Publishing.
Roberts, L. and Hall, D. (2001b) The Nature of supply or the supply of nature. In Rural tourism and recreation: principle to practice. New York: CABI Publishing.
Roling, N. and Jiggins, J. (1996) The Ecological knowledge system. In Technical and social systems approaches for sustainable rural development: Proceedings of the second European symposium of the association of farming systems, edited by W. Doppler and J. Calatrava, pp. 242-246. Granada, Spain: Margraf Verlag.
Salazar, N. B. and Porter, B. W. (2004) Cultural heritage and tourism: A public interest approach introduction. Heritage and Tourism, PIA and Global Interest 11: 2-8.
Sartipipour, M. (2012) Cultural landscape and rural development. International Journal of Humanity and Social Science 2(8): 91-96.
Sharpley, R. and Sharpley, J. (1997) Rural tourism: An introduction. Boston, MA: International Thomson Publishing Inc.
Songkhla, T. N. and Somboonsuke, B. (2013) Interactions between agro-tourism and local agricultural resources management: A case study of agro-tourism destinations in Chang klang District, southern of Thailand. Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 1(3): 54-67.
Srisomyong, N. (2010) Agricultural diversification into agritourism: The case of Thailand. International Journal of Agricultural Travel and Tourism 1(1): 107-118.
Šukalo, M. (2013) Ethno festival of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina: Study on tourism and intangible cultural heritage. Madrid, Spain: UN-WTO.
Suksri, P., Moriizumi, Y., Hondo, H. and Wake, Y. (2008) Sustainable agriculture in Thailand– An evaluation on the sustainability in ethanol production. Digital Asia Regional Strategy Research Center. [Online URL: https://www.hondo.ynu.ac.jp/hiroki/sustainable_agriculture_E.pdf] accessed December 15, 2014.
Suwanraks, R. (2000) Summary of discussion: The 1999 TDRI year-end conference “sufficiency economy”. TDRI Quarterly Review 15(1): 6-17.
The King, H. M. (2007) H. M. The King’s address delivered on his birthday anniversary on 4 December 1998. Bangkok, Thailand: Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board.
Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT). (2012) Agrotourism: Green travel in Thailand. Bangkok: Attractions Promotion Division and Product Promotion Department.
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2013) Study on tourism and intangible cultural heritage. Spain: World Tourism Organization. Wikipedia. (2013). Isan. [Online URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isan] accessed on December 10, 2013.
Yamane, T. (1967) Statistics, An Introductory analysis, 2nd ed., New York: Harper and Row.