The Holistic Principles of Buddhist Communities under ‘Bunniyom’ System in Thailand

Abstract

This article was developed from the researcher’s thesis ‘Bunniyom’ Discourse: A Case Study of Ratchathani Asoke Community, Ubon  Ratchathani Province'. More documentary  research;  in  depth-interview with the community leader and members and male and female Buddhist  monks;  and  participant  observation in the community was  required to complete the article. The study found that Samana Bodhirak, the  Buddhist  monk  who  founded  Asoke  community, launched  the word  called ‘Bunniyom’system (Meritism) to challenge the traditional concept of merit-making and also the capitalism adopted by the current mainstream of development in Thailand. ‘Bunniyom’ system is the way of practical living according to Buddhist principles to diminish excessive desires. All Asoke lay communities  throughout  Thailand abide by communal consumption Satharana Pokee  and  the  values  of  down-to-earth living, hard work and perseverance, self-reliance, and sacrifice. According to ‘Bunniyom’ system giving to others and regaining less than giving or regaining nothing means merit-making  which  is  opposite  to  Thai  traditional  belief  concerning  merit-making  in  Buddhism. The concept of ‘Bunniyom’ system is not only in the religious area but is included in every single aspect of living in Asoke community: economy, education, agriculture, communication, and politics. Although the principles are deeply rooted in Buddhism, Samana Bodhirak stressed that ‘Bunniyom’ system is applicable to any religion that concerns itself with modelling a way of life which promotes both equality and harmony.