Factors influencing the Co-production in water management policies: A multi-case study in Nan province and Phayao province, Thailand
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Abstract
The issue of sustainable development has garnered significant international attention, with the United Nations (UN) playing a central role in promoting this agenda through the establishment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The objectives of this study were twofold. Firstly, it aimed to investigate the factors that influence co-production and assess their impacts on sustainability. Secondly, this study aimed to provide suggestions for policymakers and implementers on how to enhance co-production factors to achieve greater sustainability outcomes. The research focused on two case studies in Thailand: water management in Ban Tun sub-district, Mueang district in Phayao province, and water management in Rong Ngae village in Worranakorn sub-district, Pua district in Nan province. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, non-participatory observations, and focus group discussions. Triangulation was employed to ensure data validity, and semi-structured interviews were used as the data collection tool. Content analysis and qualitative data analysis software were employed for data analysis. The findings revealed co-production in both the formulation and implementation of water management policies relating to sustainable outcomes. These outcomes were influenced by societal norms, cultural factors, existing policies, and knowledge, which shaped the relationships among the communities, stakeholders, and agencies involved in water management. The factors affecting co-production and its sustainability in the multi-case study's sustainable development policy were identified as follows: 1) contextual factors, including societal standards, culture, and existing policies and knowledge; 2) inputs, comprising water management knowledge and collaboration involving resources, technology application, and legal regulations; and 3) outputs, encompassing the expansion of knowledge and the development of competencies. The study emphasizes the need to boost knowledge expansion and competency through collaborative knowledge-sharing and academic involvement. It suggests that promoting inclusive participation and equal collaboration among stakeholders enhances co-production and sustainable outcomes.
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