Predictors of family screen time exposure among students in selected higher education institutions in central Luzon, Philippines
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to determine the predictors of family screen time exposure among higher education students in Central Luzon, Philippines. This study used a descriptive correlation research design with the help of an online survey as the primary data-gathering tool. With the help of convenience sampling, 290 students voluntarily participated in the online survey. The proponents used a modified questionnaire which underwent validity and reliability (Cronbach Alpha = 0.90). For data analysis, the study used descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS 23. The study found that attitude (x̅ = 2.88), expectation (x̅ = 2.76), and family support (x̅ = 2.85) got an “often” remarks from the respondents and only family opinion (x̅ = 2.37) got a “sometimes” response. The available gadgets or devices of the respondents is one (x̅ = 1.78) and they “often” observe family as model of screen time exposure (x̅ = 2.73). Inferential statistics further confirmed the association between expectation (r = .336), opinion (r = .202), support (r = .167), the presence of gadgets (r = .265) with family as a model. Finally, the respondents’ opinion (B = .451), support (B = .423), and the presence of gadgets and devices (B = .181) predicted the family as a model for screen time exposure. The researchers recommend important suggestions to students, family, faculty, and the institution in dealing with screen time exposure management.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All rights reserved. Apart from citations for the purposes of research, private study, or criticism and review,no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any other form without prior written permission by the publisher.
References
Agaton, C. B., & Cueto, L. J. (2021). Learning at home: Parents; lived experiences on distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(3), 901–911. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1313094
Anuradha, B. (2019). Screen time. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 65(2), 105–106. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmz014
Aşut, Ö., Auduxike, G., Acar-Vaizoğlu, S., & Cali, S. (2019). Relationships between screen time, internet addiction, and other lifestyle behaviors with obesity among secondary school students in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 61(4), 568–579. https://doi.org/10.24953/turkjped.2019.04.014
Browning, M. H. E. M., Larson, L. R., Sharaievska, I., Rigolon, A., McAnirlin, O., Mullenbach, L., Cloutier, S., Vu, T. M., Thomsen, J., Reigner, N., Metcalf, E. C., D’Antonio, A., Helbich, M., Bratman, G. N., & Alvarez, H. O. (2022). Psychological impacts from COVID-19 among university students: Risk factors across seven states in the United States. PLoS ONE 17(8), Article e0273938. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273938
Buctot, D. B., Kim, N., & Kim, S. H. (2020a). The role of nomophobia and smartphone addiction in the lifestyle profiles of junior and senior high school students in the Philippines. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1), Article 100035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100035
Buctot, D. B., Kim N., & Kim, J. J. (2020b). Factors associated with smartphone addiction prevalence and its predictive capacity for health-related quality of life among Filipino adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 110, Article 104758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104758
Budhrani, K., Martin, F., Malabanan, O., & Espiritu, J. L. (2021). How did parents balance it all? Work-from-home parents’ engagement in academic and support roles during remote learning. Journal of Online Learning Research, 7(2), 153–184. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/218909/
Cabré-Riera, A., Torrent, M., Donaire-Gonzalez, D., Vrijheid, M., Cardis, E., & Guxens, M. (2019). Telecommunication devices use screen time and sleep in adolescents. Environmental Research, 171, 341–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.036
Carandang, C. M. (2021, November 22). Children and screen time: Is my child having too much? Medgate. https://medgate.ph/2021/11/22/children-and-screen-time-is-my-child-having-too-much/#:~:text=A%20recent%20study%20showed%20that,higher%20than%20the%20global%20average.
Colambo, J. O. (2022). Digital screen time to the learners’ well-being and behavioral change. International Journal of Research Publications, 102(1), 327–338. https://doi.org/10.47119/IJRP1001021620223271
Domoff, S. E., Radesky, J. S., Harrison, K., Riley, H., Lumeng, J. C., & Miller, A. L. (2019). A naturalistic study of child and family screen media and mobile device use. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(2), 401–410 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1275-1
Dy, A. B. C., Dy, A. B. C., & Santos, S. K. (2023). Measuring effects of screen time on the development of children in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 23, Article 1261. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16188-4
Eyimaya, A. O., & Irmak, A. Y. (2021). Relationship between parenting practices and children’s screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 56, 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.10.002
Filho, V. C. B., Bandeira, A. S., Rech, C. R., Lopes, A. S., Mota, J., & Silva, K. S. (2021). Validity and reliability of an instrument to measure factors associated with screen time in Brazilian students. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 26(3), 1047–1061. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021263.31322018
Garcia-Bolaños, J. R., Dela Cruz, N. G. S., Masecampo, E. B., Ogting, N. M., Angas, J. S., Kanakan, A. G., Ondac, R. A. B., Mahinay, H. M., & Mondero, N. C. (2022). Online multimedia screen time and level of happiness of the college students. European Journal of Open Education and E-Learning Studies, 7(2), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejoe.v7i2.4454
Gupta, R., Aggarwal, A., Sable, D., Chahar, P., Sharma, A., Kumari, A., & Maji, R. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic and online education: Impact on students, parents, and teachers. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 32(4), 426–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2021.1909518
Jain, S., Shrivastava, S., Mathur, A., Pathak, D., & Pathak, A. (2023). Prevalence and determinants of excessive screen viewing time in children aged 3–15 years and its effects on physical activity, sleep, eye symptoms and headache. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), Article 3449. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043449
Kardefelt-Winther, D., Rees, G., & Livingstone, S. (2020). Contextualizing the link between adolescents’ use of digital technology and their mental health: A multi-country study of time spent online and life satisfaction. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(8), 875–889. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13280
Konca, A. S. (2022). Digital technology usage of young children: Screen time and families. Early Childhood Education Journal, 50, 1097–1108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01245-7
Langøy, A., Smith, O. R. F., Wold, B., Samdal, O., & Haug, E. M. (2019). Associations between family structure and young people’s physical activity and screen time behaviors. BMC Public Health, 19, Article 433. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6740-2
Lau, E. Y. H., & Lee, K. (2021). Parents' views on young children's distance learning and screen time during COVID-19 class suspension in Hong Kong. Early Education and Development, 32(6) 863–880. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1843925
Lissak, G. (2018). Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environmental Research, 164, 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.015
Majumdar, P., Biswas, A., & Sahu, S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: Cause of sleep disruption, depression, somatic pain, and increased screen exposure of office workers and students of India. Chronobiology International, 37(8), 1191–1200. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2020.1786107
Maras, D., Flament, M. F., Murray, M., Buchholz, A., Henderson, K. A., Obeid, N., & Goldfield, G. S. (2015). Screen time is associated with depression and anxiety in Canadian youth. Preventive Medicine, 73, 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.01.029
Nagata, J. M., Abdel Magid, H. S., & Pettee Gabriel, K. (2020). Screen time for children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 Pandemic. Obesity, 28(9), 1582–1583. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22917
Narsico, N. S. N., & Flores, G. B. (2023). Screen time activity and academic productivity of students. Asian Education, 2, Article 2. https://www.lynnp.org/index.php/ae/article/view/41/26
Naval, D. G. B., Nisce, N. R. B., Nifas, P. G. P., Monge, J. L. R., Mercado, M. M. V., Mina, K. D. C., Narvaez, J. R. D., Najera, M. C. U., Montiveros, M. P. F., Mojica, D. M. R., Monfort, C. A. G. J., Mendoza, R. A. M., & Sison, L. P. (2020). Association between family dynamics and the length of screen time of preschool children in Quezon City: A cross-sectional study. UERM Health Sciences Journal, 9(1), 1–5. https://filepdf.org/document/zwvw327v-length-screen-preschool-children-quezon-city-cross-sectional.html
Neophytou, E., Manwell, L. A., & Eikelboom, R. (2021). Effects of excessive screen time on neurodevelopment, learning, memory, mental health, and neurodegeneration: A scoping review. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 724–744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00182-2
Nhatuve, D., & Madzokere, A. W. (2022). Screen time and health disturbances during the covid-19 pandemic: A case of university students in Zimbabwe. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences 3(4), 54–61. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eajess.v3i4.197
Niermann, C. Y. N., Spengler, S., & Gubbels, J. S. (2018). Physical activity, screen time, and dietary intake in families: A cluster-analysis with mother-father-child triads. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, Article 276. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00276
Paguirigan, E. M., & Paguirigan, M. J. R. (2022). Parenting in the digital age: Implications to physical, social, and academic life of children in various age groups. Journal of Progressive Education, 12(2), 866–880. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v12.i2.202237
Purnell, K. (2023, May 21). The Philippines has highest average screen time on phones -study. Philstar Global. https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/gadgets/2023/05/21/2267517/philippines-has-highest-average-screen-time-phones-study
Santos, L., & Reeve, R. (2020). Screen time and youth health issues: A literature review. International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education, 35(1), 1–26. https://www.ijede.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/1163
Thomas, G., Bennie, J. A., De Cocker, K., & Biddle, S. J. H. (2020). Exploring contemporary screen time in Australian adolescents: A qualitative study. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 32(S2), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.440
Tus, J. (2021). Amidst the online learning in the Philippines: The parental involvement and its relationship to the student’s academic performance. International Engineering Journal for Research & Development, 6(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14776347.v1
Twenge, J. M., Martin, G. N., & Campbell, W. K. (2018). Decreases in psychological well-being among American adolescents after 2012 and links to screen time during the rise of smartphone technology. Emotion, 18(6), 765–780. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000403