China’s foreign policy trends towards Russia, late 20th - early 21st century (economic aspects)

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Dec 23, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14456/hasss.2022.63
Keywords:
China Russia economic relation foreign policy bilateral trade international relations

Main Article Content

Md. Sayedur Rahman
Faculty of Social Sciences, Begum Rokeya University, Bangladesh
Shakila -Tul- Kubra
Dr.Wazed Research and Training Institute, Begum Rokeya University, Bangladesh

Abstract

Effective foreign policy in economic development is very important in the ever-competitive global arena. It’s doubly significant when it is a question of Chinese foreign policy towards Russia or vice-versa to multi-polarizing economic spheres as well as confronts the western arbitrariness and dominance in the area. Both nations have apprehended the necessity and share a mutual interest in the development of trade and economic sectors. For this reason, bilateral and multilateral trade deals and a free economic zone agreement between states are very common trends worldwide. Asia's two global powers, China and Russia, are not lagging behind in trade. They are pursuing numerous policies to boost international ties and bring socio-economic and political growth to the forefront in recent decades. This study aims to examine and analyze the problems and potential to promote bilateral economic relations between China and Russia. This study focuses on essentially secondary sources, including scholarly publications, scholarly articles, research papers, books, and other relevant sources pertaining to the subject. The study is qualitative but the quantitative method is also used. The study raises mutual interests and gives recommendations for the improvement of economic ties, the growth of military relations, trade relations, the development of regional cooperation, the promotion of advantageous bilateral cooperation, joint work, the strengthening of relations with international organizations, and the successful enhancement of bilateral ties between China and Russia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Issue
Volume 22, Number 3 (September-December), 2022
Section
Research Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

All rights reserved. Apart from citations for the purposes of research, private study, or criticism and review,no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any other form without prior written permission by the publisher.

References

Bojang, A. S. (2018). The study of foreign policy in international relations. Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs 6(4): 1000337.

Bolt, P. J. (2014). Sino-Russian relations in a changing world order. Strategic Studies Quarterly 8(4): 47-69.

CEIC. (2020). Russia Foreign Direct Investment. [Online URL: https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/russia/foreign-direct-investment] accessed on May 5, 2020.

Cordesman, A. H. (2018). Chinese Strategy, Military Forces, and Economics: The Metrics of Cooperation, Competition and/or Conflict. Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). [Online URL: https://www.csis.org/analysis/chinese-strategy-military-forces-and-economics] accessed on May 5, 2020.

Dezan Shira & Associates. (2017). “China-Russia Bilateral Trade is World’s Fastest Growing Opportunity corridor – China Briefing News”. [Online URL: https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-russia-bilateral-trade-is-worlds-fastest-growing-opportunity-corridor/] accessed on April 10, 2020.

Dittmer, L. (1992). Sino-Soviet Normalization and Its International Implications, 1945-1990. Washington: University of Washington Press.

Duchâtel, M. and Godement, F. (2016). China and Russia: Gaming the West. China Analysis, European Council on Foreign Relations. [Online URL: https://ecfr.eu/publication/china_and_russia_gaming_the_west7166/] accessed on November 2, 2016.

Ferdinand, P. (2007). Sunset, sunrise: China and Russia construct a new relationship. International Affairs 83(5): 841-867.

Frankel, J. (1968). Comparing foreign policies: The case of Norway. International Affairs 44(3): 482-493.

Inozemtsev, V. (2018). China’s impact on Russia’s economy. Stockholm: The Swedish Institute of International Affairs.

Lee, R. (2012). The Far East between Russia, China, and America. [Online URL: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/153942/201207_lee_fareast.pdf] accessed on May 5, 2020.

Lo, B. (2008). Ten Things Everyone Should Know about the Sino-Russian Relationship. [Online URL: https://www.cer.eu/sites/default/files/publications/attachments/pdf/2011/pb_china_bl_dec08-775.pdf] accessed on May 5, 2020.

Lotspeich, R. (2006). Perspectives on the economic relations between China and Russia. Journal of Contemporary Asia 36(1): 48-74.

Malle, S. (2017). Russia and China in the 21st century. Moving towards cooperative behaviour. Journal of Eurasian Studies 8(2): 136-150.

Minakir, P. A. (2017). Prospects and Limitations of Russo-Chinese Economic Relations. The Asan Forum. [Online URL: http://www.theasanforum.org/prospects-and-limitations-of-russo-chinese-economic-relations/] accessed on May 5, 2020.

Moshes, A. and Nojonen, M. (Eds.). (2011). Russia-China Relations: Current State, Alternative Futures, and Implications for the West. Helsinki: Ulkopoliittinen Instituutti.

Muraviev, A. D. (2014). Comrades in arms: The military-strategic aspects of China–Russia relations. Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 1(2): 163-185.

Neack, L. (2008). The New Foreign Policy: Power Seeking in a Globalized Era. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

Ozawa, M. (2019). New RD Publication: Russia and China: “Axis of Convenience” or “Stable Strategic Partnership”? [Online URL: https://www.ndc.nato.int/news/news.php?icode=1342] accessed on May 5, 2020.

Popescu, N. and Makocki, M. (2016). China and Russia: An Eastern Partnership in the Making? Paris: EUISS-European Union Institute for Security Studies.

Ratner, E. and Rosenberg, E. (2014). China Has Russia Over a Barrel. [Online URL: https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/05/19/china-has-russia-over-a-barrel/] accessed on May 5, 2020.

Schalk, B. (2005). The role of the Organisation of African Unity as an International Governmental Organisation in Regional Co-Operation and Stability: 1963-2000. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Africa, South Africa.

Sørensen, C. T. N. and Klimenko, E. (2017). Emerging Chinese-Russian cooperation in the Arctic: Possibilities and Constraints, SIPRI Policy Paper, no. 46. Solna: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.

Sputnik. (2018). Russian Government Plans to Boost Bilateral Trade with China. [Online URL: https://sputniknews.com/20180927/russia-china-trade-boost-1068375971.html] accessed on May 5, 2020.

Sutter, R. (2018). China-Russia Relations. Strategic Implications and U.S. Policy Options. Washington: The National Bureau of Asian Research (NBR).

Trade Map. (2015a). China’s Imports to Russia. [Online URL: https://www.trademap.org/Bilateral_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c156%7c%7c643%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1] accessed on May 15, 2020.

Trade Map. (2015b). China’s Exports to Russia. [Online URL: https://www.trademap.org/Bilateral_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c156%7c%7c643%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c%7c1] accessed on May 15, 2020.

Trade Map. (2015c). Russia Exports to China. [Online URL: https://www.trademap.org/Bilateral_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c643%7c%7c156%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1] accessed on May 15, 2020.

Trade Map. (2015d). Russia Imports to China. [Online URL: https://www.trademap.org/Bilateral_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c643%7c%7c156%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1%7c1] accessed on May 15, 2020.

Trading Economics. (2020a). China Foreign Direct Investment. [Online URL: https://tradingeconomics.com/china/foreign-direct-investment] accessed on May 10, 2020.

Trading Economics. (2020b). Russia Foreign Direct Investment - Net Flows. [Online URL: https://tradingeconomics.com/russia/foreign-direct-investment] acceded on May 12, 2020.

Trading Economics. (2020c). China Imports from Russia. [Online URL: https://tradingeconomics.com/china/imports/russia] accessed on November 05, 2020.

Trading Economics. (2020d). China Exports to Russia. [Online URL: https://tradingeconomics.com/china/exports-to-russia] accessed on November 05, 2020.

Treaty, C. R. (2001). Treaty of Good-Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation. [Online URL: https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cepg//eng/xwdt/t47618.htm] accessed on July 24, 2001.

Unnikrishan, N. and Purushothaman, U. (2015). Trends in Russia-China Relations. New Delhi: Observer Research Foundation.

Yilmaz, S. and Changming, L. (2020). Remaking Eurasia: The Belt and Road Initiative and China-Russia strategic partnership. Asia Europe Journal 18(3): 259-280.

Zhang, B. (2010). Chinese foreign policy in transition: Trends and implications. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 39(2): 39-68.