Mon Buddhist Architecture in Pakkret District, Nonthaburi Province, Thailand during Thonburi and Rattanakosin Periods (1767-1932)

Abstract

This research examines the characteristics of Mon Buddhist architecture during Thonburi and Rattanakosin periods (1767-1932) in Pakkret district. In conjunction with the oral histories acquired from the local residents, the study incorporates inquiries on historical narratives and documents, together with photographic and illustrative materials obtained from physical surveys of thirty religious structures for data collection. The textual investigations indicate that Mon people migrated to the Siamese kingdom of Ayutthaya in large number during the 18^th century, and established their settlements in and around Pakkret area.  Located northwest of the present day Bangkok in Nonthaburi province, Pakkret developed into an important community of the Mon diasporas, possessing a well-organized local administration that contributed to its economic prosperity. Although the Mons was assimilated into the Siamese political structure, they were able to preserve most of their traditions and customs. At the same time, the productions of their cultural artifacts encompassed many Thai elements as well, as evident from Mon Buddhist temples and monasteries in Pakkret. The stylistic analyses of these structures further reveal the following findings. First, their designs were determined by four groups of patrons: Mon laypersons, elite Mons, Thai laypersons, and elite Thais. Second, their spatial organizations illustrated various degrees of cultural contacts and exchanges between the Mons and Thais. Third, their aesthetic expressions could be categorized into three types: traditional Mon, traditional Thai, and royal eclecticism.