ข่า: ทาสในมณฑลลาวตะวันออกและมณฑลลาวตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ ระหว่าง ค.ศ. 1779 – 1904
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Abstract
The Slavery in Southern Laos, between 1779 and 1904.
This research explained the development of slavery in Southern Laos, between 1779 and 1904. The main idea of this text is to describe and analyze the slaves’ way of life and their economic system. This research tries to link how slave labor adapted itself in a new socio-economy system (1893-1904), which is the transition period for Mekong people. This paper emphasizes forced labor from 1779 to 1904. Quality research methodology is focused on four historical methodology processes. The first step is gathering information and evidences; primary, secondary, and tertiary sources. The second process studies information and evidences. The third step analyses and syntheses evidences. And the fourth process proposes this article in analytical description. This study concluded that there were 5 types of slaves in this region; war slaves: temple slaves: domestic slaves or heritage slaves: indebted slaves and: stolen or chasing slaves. The origins of slavery in Laos developed from tribal (Kha or Ka) hunting for labor in the reign of King Rama II of the Chakri Dynasty.