Development of a Learning Management Model for Teachers to Foster Entrepreneurial Characteristics in Secondary School Students: A Case Study in the Learning City Context of Chachoengsao

Abstract

The objectives of the study were to 1) examine the entrepreneurial characteristics of secondary school students, 2) develop a learning management model for teachers to foster these characteristics within the context of the Learning City of Chachoengsao, and 3) evaluate the effectiveness of the developed model. The participants of the trial study of the learning management model were 60 secondary school students from 2 schools in Chachoengsao Province, selected from multi-Stage random sampling method. The research instruments included a semi-structured interview form, an instructional manual for teachers to promote students’ entrepreneurial characteristics, and an entrepreneurial characteristics assessment tool for secondary students. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and a t-test for dependent samples.
The findings were as follows: 1) The entrepreneurial orientation of secondary school students can be summarized into 5 components (10 indicator behaviors), namely 1.1) autonomy (2 indicator behaviors), 1.2) innovativeness (2 indicator behaviors), 1.3) proactiveness (2 indicator behaviors), 1.4) competitive aggressiveness (2 indicator behaviors), and 1.5) risk-taking (2 indicator behaviors). 2) The developed learning management model comprised principles, objectives, time spent on learning activities, learning management activities, learning activity organization guidelines, and measurement and evaluation. The results of the evaluation of the appropriateness of the learning management model were at a very high level, with an average score between 4.20 and 5.00. 3) The post-test means scores of students' entrepreneurial characteristics were significantly higher than the pre-test scores at the .05 level, both overall and by individual school.