6 การขับเคลื่อนการเปลี่ยนผ่านพลังงานในเอเชีย: บทเรียนจากจีน ญี่ปุ่น เกาหลีใต้ ไต้หวัน และเวียดนาม
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บทคัดย่อ
บทความนี้วิเคราะห์กลยุทธ์การเปลี่ยนผ่านพลังงานจากห้าประเทศชั้นนำในเอเชีย ผลการศึกษาพบว่า จีนลงทุน 83.4 พันล้านดอลลาร์ในปี 2020 ร่วมกับนโยบายรับซื้อไฟฟ้าอัตราพิเศษแบบลดหลั่น ทำให้มีกำลังการผลิตพลังงานแสงอาทิตย์ 253 กิกะวัตต์ ญี่ปุ่นพัฒนาระบบโรงไฟฟ้าเสมือนและระบบจัดการพลังงานอัจฉริยะในครัวเรือน เพิ่มสัดส่วนพลังงานหมุนเวียนเป็น 20.8% ภายในสิบปี เกาหลีใต้กำหนดสัดส่วนขั้นต่ำพลังงานหมุนเวียนพร้อมกองทุนนโยบายสีเขียว 61 พันล้านดอลลาร์ ไต้หวันพัฒนาพลังงานลมนอกชายฝั่งผ่านการสร้างห่วงโซ่อุปทานในประเทศ เวียดนามใช้ข้อตกลงซื้อขายไฟฟ้าโดยตรงดึงดูดการลงทุน 7.4 พันล้านดอลลาร์ บทความเสนอแนวทางประยุกต์ใช้ห้าระดับ ได้แก่ ระดับประเทศ จัดตั้งกองทุนพลังงานหมุนเวียนและปรับปรุงกฎระเบียบ ระดับจังหวัด พัฒนาแผนพลังงานท้องถิ่นตามศักยภาพพื้นที่ ระดับธุรกิจ กำหนดเป้าหมายการใช้พลังงานหมุนเวียนและทำข้อตกลงซื้อขายไฟฟ้าระยะยาว ระดับชุมชน พัฒนาโครงการพลังงานแสงอาทิตย์ที่เป็นเจ้าของร่วมกัน และระดับครัวเรือนสนับสนุนการติดตั้งแผงพลังงานแสงอาทิตย์บนหลังคาผ่านระบบผ่อนชำระดอกเบี้ยต่ำ การศึกษาสรุปว่าความสำเร็จขึ้นอยู่กับการออกแบบนโยบายที่เหมาะสมกับบริบท กลไกการเงินที่ยั่งยืน และการมีส่วนร่วมของทุกภาคส่วนตั้งแต่ระดับนโยบายถึงระดับครัวเรือน
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