The Development of Mathematics Learning Activities on Addition and Subtraction of Counting Number No More Than 20 By Using Inductive or Deductive Teaching Supplemented with Cartoon Exercise Emphasize Polya Problem Solving Process of Prathomsuksa 1 Student

Abstract

This study aims to: 1) Develop mathematics learning activities on addition and subtraction of numbers up to 20 using inductive or deductive teaching methods, supplemented with cartoon-based exercises emphasizing Polya’s problem-solving process, for first-grade students. 2) Investigate students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. 3) Study and compare students' mathematics learning achievement before and after instruction. The research target group consisted of five first-grade students from Ban Nong Bua Ngoen School, Nong Wua So District, Udon Thani Province, during the second semester of the 2023 academic year. Research Findings:1) The development of mathematics learning activities on addition and subtraction of numbers up to 20, using inductive or deductive teaching methods supplemented with cartoon-based exercises emphasizing Polya’s problem-solving process, enhanced students' mathematical problem-solving abilities and learning achievement. The instructional process consisted of four stages: preparation, teaching, summarization, and application, with Polya’s problem-solving steps integrated into the teaching and application stages. 2) Students who participated in the learning activities showed improved mathematical problem-solving abilities. Their average pre-test score was 20.40 points (51.00%), while their post-test score increased to 33.20 points (83.00%), with all students scoring no less than 75% after learning, and their post-test scores being higher than their pre-test scores. 3) Students’ learning achievement in mathematics improved, with an average pre-test score of 9.00 points (46.80%) and an average post-test score of 16.80 points (84.00%). All students scored at least 75% on the post-test, and their scores after learning were higher than before.