What Ever Happened to Global Architecture? Rethinking the Shift from Global to Glocal Culture in Architecture and Cities
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The argument of this paper is that there has been a shift from global to glocal culture in architecture and cities. Cultural studies focusing on the processes of globalization and localization suggest that glocalization has emerged as a new strategy for understanding the reality of cities, with glocal cities having both global and local characteristics. The glocal is not the opposite but the alternative mode of the global. The paper argues that globalization and localization, respectively, lead to cities and architecture being defined in terms of homogeneity and heterogeneity, but glocalization paves the way for them to be redefined through hybridity. In addition, glocal cities are seen as transnational places unlike cities characterized by their global or local cultures. The paper thus presents a new perspective for seeing and understanding the current state of cities and architecture, which cannot be reduced to either a global or a local structure. According to this perspective, architectural designs are discussed as glocal products, because they are built in a local place, but their design ideas and images circulate in a global context. They are defined by local globalities, revealing the fact that it is not the global or the local, but the glocal that is the new emerging reality of cities.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All material is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, unless otherwise stated. As such, authors are free to share, copy, and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The authors must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. The authors may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. The authors may not use the material for commercial purposes. If the authors remix, transform, or build upon the material, they may not distribute the modified material, unless permission is obtained from JARS. Final, accepted versions of the paper may be posted on third party repositories, provided appropriate acknowledgement to the original source is clearly noted.
References
Bauman, Z. (2013). Glocalization and hybridity, glocalism. Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, 1(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.12893/gjcpi.2013.1.9
Baykan, Z. G., & Şenler, F. (2022). A study on applications of glocalization in creative industries. IDA: International Design and Art Journal, 4(1), 98-108.
Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. Routledge.
Borja, J. & Castells, M. (1997). Local and global: The management of cities in the information age. Earthscan Publications.
Canclini, N. G. (1995). Hybrid cultures: Strategies for entering and leaving modernity. University of Minnesota Press.
Castells, M. (2001). Information technology and global capitalism. In W. Hutton & A. Giddens (Eds.), On the edge: Living with global capitalism (pp. 2-27). Vintage.
Chang, T. C. (2010). Bungalows, mansions and shophouses: Encounters in architourism. Geoforum, 1(41), 963-971.
Chattopadhyay, S. (2015). The globality of architectural history. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 74(4), 411-415.
Crilley, D. (1993). Architecture as advertising: Constructing the image of redevelopment. In C. Philo & G. Kearns (Eds.), Selling places: The city as cultural capital, past and present (pp. 231-252). Pergamon Press.
Docomomo. (2022). Modern in Venice: Absorbing modernity 1914–2014 at the 14th International Architecture Exhibition. Docomomo Journal. https://docomomojournal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/406
Franciscu, S. (2021). Glocal cities: Spaces and subjectivities in contemporary world. Human Being: Image and Essence, 1(45), 33-55. https://doi.org/10.31249/chel/2021.01.02
Frew, S. (2024). Glocalization: The most widespread architectural trend you’ve never heard of. Architizer. https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/industry/glocalization-architecture/
Gausa, M. (2003). The metapolis dictionary of advanced architecture: City, technology and society in the information age. Actar Publishing.
Gestalten. (2020). Local architecture in a globalized world. Gestalten Journal. https://gestalten.com/blogs/journal/local-architecture-in-a-globalized-world
Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford University Press.
Grodach, C. (2009). Urban branding: An analysis of city homepage imagery. Journal of Architectural anก Planning Research, 26(3), 181-197.
Govers, R., & Go, F. (2009). Place branding: Glocal, virtual and physical identities, constructed, imagined and experienced. Palgrave Macmillan.
Harvey, D. (1993). From space to place and back again: Reflections on the condition of postmodernity. In J. Bird (Eds.), Mapping the futures: Local cultures, global change (pp. 3-29). Routledge.
Hoistad, M. (2002). A global context for local architecture. Places, 15(1), 73-76.
Hubbard, P. (1996). Urban design and city regeneration: Social representations of entrepreneurial landscapes. Urban Studies, 33(8), 1441-1461.
Huyssen, A. (2007). Geographies of modernism in a globalizing world. New German Critique, 1(100), 189-207.
Jarzombek, M. (2015). Architecture: The global imaginary in an anti-global world. Grey Room, 1(61), 111-122.
Jordan, J. (2003). Collective memory and locality in global cities. In L. Krause & P. Petro (Eds.), Global cities: Cinema, architecture, and urbanism in a digital age (pp. 31-48). Rutgers University Press.
Judd, D. R. (2003). Visitors and the spatial ecology of the city. In L. M. Hoffman, S. S. Fainstein, & D. R. Judd (Eds.), Cities and Visitors (pp. 11-23). Blackwell.
Klingmann, A. (2007). Brandscapes: Architecture in the experience economy. The MIT Press.
Koolhaas, R. (1994). Delirious New York. Monacelli Press.
Koolhaas, R. (1998). S, M, L, XL. Monacelli Press.
Lidin, K. (2021). Glocal architecture. Project Baikal, 18(69), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.69.1840
Mcluhan, M., & Powers, B. R. (1989). The global village. Oxford University Press.
Nagashima, K. (1995). Architecture of the future: UIA work programme. Humiliation Studies.https://www.humiliationstudies.org/documents/NagashimaGlocalApproach.pdf
Norten, E. (2003). Questioning global architecture. In B. Tschumi & I. Cheng (Eds.), The state of architecture at the beginning of the 21st century (p. 87). The Monacelli Press.
Ockman, J. (2003). Criticism in the age of globalization. In B. Tschumi & I. Cheng (Eds.), The state of architecture at the beginning of the 21st century (pp. 78-79). The Monacelli Press.
Ots, E. (2011). Decoding theoryspeak: An illustrated guide to architectural theory. Routledge.
Oxford University Press. (2010). The Oxford dictionary of new words: A popular guide to words in the news.
Philo, C., & Kearns, G. (1993). Culture, history, capital: A critical introduction to the selling of places. In C. Philo & G. Kearns (Eds.), Selling places: The city as cultural capital, past and present (pp. 1-32). Pergamon Press.
Reisinger, Y. (2009). International tourism: Cultures and behavior. Elsevier.
Riley, T. (2003). The global and the local, In B. Tschumi & I. Cheng (Eds.), The state of architecture at the beginning of the 21st century (pp. 88-89). The Monacelli Press.
Ritzer, G. (2003). Rethinking globalisation: Glocalization/grobalization and something/nothing. Sociological Theory, 12(3), 183-209.
Robertson, P. R. (1992). Globalization: Social theory and global culture. Sage.
Robertson, R. (1994) Globalisation or glocalisation?. Journal of International Communication, 1(1), 33-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/13216597.1994.9751780
Robertson, R. (1995). Time space and homogeneity-heterogeneity. In M. Featherstone (Eds.), Global Modernities (pp. 25-44). Sage.
Roudometof, V. (2005). Transnationalism, cosmopolitanism and glocalization. Current Sociology, 53(1), 113–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392105048291
Roudometof, V. (2015). The glocal and global studies. Globalizations, 12(5), 774-787.
Sassen, S. (1991). The global city: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton University Press.
Sassen, S. (2003). Reading the city in a global digital age. In L. Krause & P. Petro (Eds.), Global cities: Cinema, architecture, and urbanism in a digital age (pp. 15-30). Rutgers University Press.
Shelby, J., Lindsay, G., & Derr, C. (2022). Contested identities, contested building: Planning for a glocal future. Archnet-IJAR, 16(3), 671-687. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-09-2021-0257
Sklair, L. (2005). The transnational capitalist class and contemporary architecture in globalizing cities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 29(3), 485-500.
Sklair, L. (2006). Iconic architecture and capitalist globalization. City, 10(1), 21-47.
Specht, J. (2014). Architectural tourism: Building for urban travel destinations. Springer.
Terranova, G. (2021). The new frontiers of urban space in a glocal world: Between pandemic and immigration. Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, 1(3), 1-19, https://doi.org/10.12893/gjcpi.2021.3.7
Urry, J. (2002). The tourist gaze: Leisure and travel in contemporary societies. Sage.
Wright, G. (2002). Building global modernisms. Grey Room, 7(9), 124-134.
Zuiker, S. J. (2010). Think global/design glocal. Educational Technology, 50(5), 37-40.
