The Effects of Online Physical Education Management on Enhancing Physical Fitness for Health in Terms of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Endurance of Undergraduate Students
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Abstract
This Article aimed to compare the average scores of physical fitness for health in terms of cardiovascular and respiratory endurance before and after taking online physical education courses among undergraduate students. The research employed a quasi-experimental design using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The sample consisted of 221 undergraduate students enrolled in an online course titled Sports and Recreation for Health, selected through simple random sampling. The experimental instrument was an online physical education learning package. Data were collected using a physical fitness test, namely the 3-minute step-up and step-down test. The statistical analyses included Mean, Standard Deviation, and a Paired-sample t-test. The results indicated that the mean scores of health-related physical fitness in terms of cardiovascular and respiratory endurance after participating in online physical education were significantly higher than those before the intervention at the .05 level. For male students, the mean pretest and posttest scores were 2.28 and 2.96, respectively. For female students, the mean pretest and posttest scores were 2.61 and 3.03, respectively.
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