The Dragon Boat Festival: A Comparative Case Study of Culture and Tradition between Thai-Chinese in Betong, Yala and Chinese in Miluo in Hunan Province

Abstract

    The objectives of this research are: (1) to compare the cultural patterns and
traditional practices of the Dragon Boat Festival (Duanwu Festival) between the Thai-Chinese community in Betong District, Yala Province, and the Chinese community in Miluo City, Hunan Province; and (2) to examine the perspectives and beliefs associated with the festival in these two regions. This study employs a qualitative research methodology, utilizing participant observation and in-depth interviews for data collection. The primary informants consisted of eight individuals: four Thai-Chinese residents from Betong and four Chinese residents from Hunan. Fieldwork was conducted over a 30-day period, from May 14 to June 12, 2025, followed by a qualitative data analysis.

    The findings reveal distinct cultural and traditional contexts between the two
locales. In Betong, the Thai-Chinese community prioritizes family reunions, merit-making, and ancestral worship as expressions of filial piety, with community volunteers actively organizing events to facilitate cultural transmission to the younger generation. Conversely, in Miluo, the festival emphasizes celebration and the fostering of national identity, centered on the historical legacy of Qu Yuan, a revered hero of this festival. Dragon boat racing serves as the hallmark activity in this region.

    In terms of beliefs, both communities continue to value filial piety and social
solidarity. However, a significant challenge identified is the declining interest in these traditions among the youth. Consequently, there are concerted efforts within both communities to promote and sustain the festival’s heritage. Furthermore, the festival in Miluo receives substantial support from both the public and private sectors, driving socio-economic dynamics and reflecting a strategic shift toward cultural tourism. While certain traditional practices have been streamlined to align with the realities of globalization, this research identifies key factors that facilitate the modern transmission of the Dragon Boat Festival, ensuring its continued relevance and significance for future generations.