MODEL LOCAL ORDINANCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECO-INDUSTRIAL CITY BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF KHUN THALE SUBDISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, MUEANG DISTRICT, SURAT THANI PROVINCE
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Introduction: Eco-industrial city development is an important approach to achieving a balance among economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Local administrative organizations play a significant role in issuing local ordinances to support such development. Khun Thale Subdistrict Municipality, Mueang District, Surat Thani Province, has experienced rapid industrial expansion, resulting in various problems. Therefore, appropriate local ordinances and public participation are essential for sustainable eco-industrial city development. Objectives: This research aimed to study: 1) the authority and duties related to issuing local ordinances for eco-industrial city development of Khun Thale Subdistrict Municipality, Mueang District, Surat Thani Province; 2) the problems and conditions of eco-industrial city development in the area; 3) community participation in drafting a model local ordinance; and 4) the formulation of a model local ordinance for eco-industrial city development. Method: This study employed qualitative research methods, including documentary research, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The sample group consisted of 38 participants, including municipal administrators and officers, residents, and legal experts in Khun Thale Subdistrict Municipality. Result: The findings revealed that the issuance of local ordinances for eco-industrial city development by Khun Thale Subdistrict Municipality was in accordance with the legal framework prescribed by the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2560 (2017), the Municipal Act B.E. 2496 (1953), the Subdistrict Council and Subdistrict Administrative Organization Act B.E. 2537 (1994), and the Public Health Act B.E. 2535 (1992). The municipality could exercise only the powers explicitly granted by law and within the prescribed legal limits. Regarding development problems, physical issues included inappropriate urban planning and land use management. Economic problems arose from industrial factories being located near rapidly expanding communities, transforming agricultural societies into urban societies. Environmental problems included insufficient public utilities and industrial waste discharge. Social problems involved the increase of hidden populations and overcrowded communities due to industrial expansion. Administrative problems included a lack of cooperation among all sectors and unclear management policies. In terms of participation, most residents had limited involvement in eco-industrial city development; however, they suggested that industrial factories should adopt effective management practices that minimize environmental impacts and enhance the quality of life of local communities.
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