An SEM Analysis of the Competence to Reduce Transaction Costs of Export Management Companies in Thailand
Keywords:
Export Intermediary Company, Export Management Company, Export Agent, Transaction Cost, Resource-Based Theory; Agency Theory, Export PerformanceAbstract
This study has primarily focused on the competence of export management companies in reducing transaction costs, which relates to their performance. Structural equation modelling (SEM) technique has been adopted to test the relationship of each variable in the model of the study and examine the direct influence, indirect influence, and total influence of the independent variables on the dependent variables. The study has been provided the official database of export intermediary firms by the Department of Export Promotion, Ministry of Commerce, Thailand. The samples of 400 export intermediary firms were identified from the 1,486 population firms. The postal questionnaires were sent to these sample firms. Based on three theories, transaction cost, agency and resource-based theory, the results indicate that three valuable resources of export knowledge, negotiation skills, and specialisation and trustworthiness have direct and indirect effect on export intermediary performance and these resources have also been partially found their impact on the competence to reduce clients’ transaction costs. Further, the result of
the study indicates that model of the study has good fit to the empirical data.
References
Akerlof, G.A., (1970). The Market for Lemon Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. Quarterly
Journal of Economics, 84, 488-500.
Arbuckle,, J.L., & W. Wothke. (1999). AMOS 4.0 User’s Guide. Chicago, Small Waters Corporation.
Armstrong, J.S., & Overton, T.S. (1977). Estimating Non-response Bias in Mail Surveys. Journal of Marketing Research,
16, 396-402.
Aulakh, P., & Kotabe, M. (1997). Antecedents and Performance Implications of Channel Integration in Foreign Markets.
Journal of International Business Studies, 28, 145-175.
Aulakh, P.S., Kotabe, M., & Teegan, H. (2000). Export Strategy and Performance of Firms from Emerging Economies:
Evidence from Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 342-361.
Baker, W.E., & Sinkula, J.M., (1999). The Synergistic Effect of Market Orientation and Learning Orientation on
Organizational Performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(4), 411-427.
Balabanis, I.G., (2000). Factors Affecting Export Intermediaries’ Service Offerings: The British Example.
Journal of International Business Studies, 31(1), 83-99.
Balabanis, I.G., (2001). The Relationship between Diversification and Performance in Export Intermediary Firms.
British Journal of Management, 12, 67-84.
Balabanis, I.G., (2005). Determinants of Export Intermediaries’ Service-mix Configuration. International Marketing
Review, 22(4), 436-459.
Balabanis, I.G., (2015). Matching Service Mixes to Internal and External Contingencies in Export Intermediary Firms:
Profitability and Efficiency Implications. In Assessing the Different Roles of Marketing Theory and Practice
in the Jaws of Economic Uncertainty, 123-123. Springer International Publishing.
Barney, J.B., (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.
Barney, J. B., & Clark, D.N., (2007). Resource-based Theory: Creating and Sustaining Competitive Advantage. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Barney, J.B., & Hansen, M.K., (1994). Trustworthiness as a Source of Competitive Advantage. Strategic Management
Journal, 15, 175-190.
Beamish, P., Karavis, L., Goerzen, A., & Lane, C., (1999). The Relationship Between Organization Structure and Export
Performance. Management International Review, 39: 37-54.
Burgen, M., Dutta, S., & Walker, C, O., (1992). Agency Relationships in Marketing: A Review. Journal of Marketing,
56(3), 1-24.
Campa, J., & Guillen, M., (1999). The Internalization of Exports, Management Science, 45, 1463-1478.
Cavusgil, S.T., & Zou, S. (1994). Marketing Strategy Performance Relationship: An Investigation of the
Empirical Link in Export Market Ventures. Journal of Marketing, 58(1), 1-21.
Ciliberti, F., P. Pontrandolfo & B. Scozzi., (2008). Investigating Corporate Social Responsibility in Supply Chains:
a SME Perspective, Journal of Cleaner Production, 16 : 1579-1588.
Coase, R.H., (1937). The Nature of the Firm. Economica, 4 (November), 386-405.
Cosimano, T,F., (1996). Intermediation. Economica, 63, 131-143.
Dyer, J.H., (1997). Effective Inter-firm Collaboration: How Firms Minimise Transaction Costs and Maximise
Transaction Value. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 535-556.
Eriksson, K., Johanson,J.,Majkgard, A., & Sharma, D., (1997). Experiential Knowledge and Cost in the Internalization
Process. Journal of International Business Studies, 28, 337-360.
Feenstra, C.R., & Hanson, H.G., (2004). Intermediaries in Entrepot Trade: Hong Kong Re-Exports of Chinese Goods.
Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 13(1), 3-35.
Frazier, P., Tix, A.P., & Barron, K.E., (2004). Testing Moderator and Mediator Effects in Counseling Psychology
Research. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 51(1), 115-134.
Glaister, K.W., & Buckley, P.J., (1994). UK International Joint Ventures: An Analysis of Patterns of Activity and
Distribution. British Journal of Management, 5(1), 33-51.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B., Anderson, R.E., & Tatham, R.L., (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis, 6th Edition,
New York: Prentice Hall.
Hergert, M., & Morris, D., (1988). Trends in International Collaborative Agreements. In Contractor, F.J.,
and Lorange, P. (eds.), Co-operative Strategies in International Business. MA: Lexington Books, 99-109.
Holmstrom, B., (1979) Moral Hazard and Observability. Bell Journal of Economics, 10, 74-91.
Hoyle, R.H., (1995). Structural Equation Modelling: Concept, Issues, and Application. California, Sage Publications, Inc.
Hunt, S.D., & Morgan, R.M., (1995). The Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition. Journal of Marketing,
59 (April), 1-15.
Husted, B. W. & D. B. Allen., (2007). Corporate Social Strategy in Multinational Enterprises: Antecedents and
Value Creation. Journal of Business Ethics, 74 : 345-361.
Ilinitch, A.Y., Peng, N.W., Eastin, I., & Paun, D., (1994). Developing Intangible Resources: The New Battleground for
Export for Small and Mid-Sized Firms. Working Paper, Seattle: University of Washington School of Forestry.
Jensen, M., & Meckling, W., (1976). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behaviour, Agency Costs, and Ownership
Structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305-360.
Julien, P.A., & Ramangalahy, C., (2003). Competitive Strategy and Performance of Exporting SMEs: An Empirical
Investigation of the Impact of Their Export Information Search and Competencies. Entrepreneurship Theory
and Practice, 227-249.
Kline, R.B.,(2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modelling. New York, The Guilford Press.
Klien, R.B., Crawford, R.A., & Alchian, A.A., (1978). Vertical Integration, Appropriable Rents, and the Competitive
Contracting Process. Journal of Law and Economics, 21, 297-326.
Kogut, B., (1988). Joint Ventures: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 9(4),
319-332.
Kreicie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W., (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Actvities. Educational and
Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
Kumar, S., & Bergstrom, T., (2007). An Exploratory Study of the Relationship of Export Intermediaries and Their
Trading Partners. Supply Chain Forum, 8(1), 12-31.
Lattin, J.M., Carroll, J.D., Green, J.D., & Green, P.E., (2003). Analysing Multivariate Data. California, Thomson
Learning Inc.
Leonidou, L., & Katsikeas., C.,(1996). The Export Development Process: An Integrative Review of Empirical Models,
Journal of International Business Studies, 27: 517-551.
Leonidou, L., & Kaleka, A., (1998). Behavioral Aspects of International Buyer-Seller Relationships: Their Association
with Export Involvement. International Marketing Review, 15, 373-397.
Lewicki, R., Litterer, J., Minton, J., & Saunders, D., (1994). Negotiation, 2nd ed. Chicago: Irwin.
McDonald, R.P., & Marsh, H.W., (1990). Choosing a Multivariate Model: Noncentrality and Goodness of
Fit. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 247-255.
Morris, D., & Hergert, M., (1987). Trends in International Collaborative Agreements. Columbia Journal of
World Business, 22(2) : 15-21.
Neter, J., William, W., & Michael, H.K., (1985). Applied Linear Statistical Models: Regression Analysis of
Variance, and Experimental Design, 2nd Edition, Homewood: Richard D.Trwin.
Nunnally, J. C. & I. H. Bernstein., (1994). Psychometric Theory. New York : McGraw-Hill.
OECD. (2003). International Investment Perspectives, OECD, Paris.
OECD. (2004). International Investment Perspectives, OECD, Paris.
Peng, M.W. (1998). Behind the Success and Failure of U.S. Export Intermediaries: Transaction, Agents,
Westport, CT: Quorum.
Peng, W.M., & Ilinitch, A.Y., (1998). Export Intermediary Firms: A Note on Export Development Research.
Journal of International Business Studies, 29(3), 609-620.
Peng, M.W., & Wang, H., (2001). An Intermediation-based View of Entrepreneurship. In Hitt, M., Amit, R.,
Lucier, C., Nixon, R., and Torsilier, J., (eds), Strategies in the Entrepreneurial Millennium, Boston: Blackwell.
Peng W.M., & York, S. A., (2001). Behind Intermediary Performance in Export Trade: Transactions,
Agent, and Resources. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(2), 327-346.
Peng, W.M., Ilinitch, A.Y., & Hill, C.E.L., (1998). Entrepreneurs as Agent in Export Trade: A Resource-
based Perspective. Working Paper, Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Peteraf, M.A., (1993). The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based View. Strategic
Management Journal, 14(3), 179-191.
Priem, R.L., Butler, J.E., (2001a). Is the Resource-Based Theory a Useful Perspective for Strategic
Management Research? Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 22–40.
Priem, R.L., Butler, J.E., (2001b). Tautology in the Resource-Based View and Implications of Externally
Determined Resource Value: Further Comments. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 57–66.
Robson, M.J., Leonidou, L.C., Katsikeas, C.S., (2002). Factors Influencing International Joint Venture Performance:
Theoretical Perspectives, Assessment, and Future Directions. Management International Review, 42(4), 385-418.
Root, F., (1994). Entry Strategies for International Markets. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Rumelt, M.J., (1984). Towards a Strategic Theory of the Firm. In R.B. Lamb (ed.), Competitive Strategic Management,
556-570. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Sabel, C.F., (1993). Studied Trust: Building New Forms of Cooperation in a Volatile Economy. Human Relations,
46(9), 1133-1170.
Sharma, A., (1997). Professional as Agent: Knowledge Asymmetry in Agency Exchange. Academy of Management
Review, 22, 758-798.
Shahrul, N., (2011). Factors Influencing Export Intermediaries’ Competitive Strategies and Performance: A Conceptual
Paper. Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 5(4), 145-153.
Shapiro, S., (2005). Agency Theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 31, 263-284.
Sharma, V.M., (2005). Export Management Companies and E-business: Impact on Export Services, Product Portfolio,
and Global Market Coverage. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 61-71.
Sharma, V.M., Tainai, V.P., & Sariteke, A.A., (2006). Impact of E-business on the Exporting Services of Export
Management Companies. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 16(1), 29-40.
Shipley, D., & Prinja, S., (1988). The Services and Supplier Choice Influences of Industrial Distributors.
Service Industries Journal, 8, 176-186.
Shoham, A. (1998). Export Performance: A Conceptualization and Empirical Assessment, Journal of International
Marketing, 6(3), 59-81.
Suwannarat, P., (2016a). The Study of Export Intermediary Performance Determinants, Multinational Business Review,
24(2), 123-143.
Suwannarat, P.,(2016b). Export Intermediaries and Their Competency to Reduce Transaction Costs: Examining the
Mediating Role of Learning Orientation, Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 9(2), 181-217.
Tung, R., (1988). Toward a Conceptual Paradigm of International Business Negotiations. Advances in International
Comparative Management, 3, 203-219.
Vogel, A., (2009). Exporter performance in the German Business Service Sector: First Evidence from the Services
Statistics Panel. Working Paper No.111, Working Paper Series in Economics, Lüneburg: University of Lüneburg.
Weiss, S, (1994). Negotiating with “Romans”. Sloan Management Review, 35, 51-62.
Williamson, O.E., (1975). Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications. New York: Free Press.
Williamson, O.E., (1985). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting.
New York: Free Press.
Williamson, O.E., (1988). Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance. Journal of Finance, WLIII, 567-591.
Zajac, E.J., & Olsen, C.P., (1993). From Transaction Cost to Transactional Value Analysis: Implications
for the Study of Interorganisational Strategies, Journal of Management Studies, 30(1), 131-145.
Journal of Economics, 84, 488-500.
Arbuckle,, J.L., & W. Wothke. (1999). AMOS 4.0 User’s Guide. Chicago, Small Waters Corporation.
Armstrong, J.S., & Overton, T.S. (1977). Estimating Non-response Bias in Mail Surveys. Journal of Marketing Research,
16, 396-402.
Aulakh, P., & Kotabe, M. (1997). Antecedents and Performance Implications of Channel Integration in Foreign Markets.
Journal of International Business Studies, 28, 145-175.
Aulakh, P.S., Kotabe, M., & Teegan, H. (2000). Export Strategy and Performance of Firms from Emerging Economies:
Evidence from Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 342-361.
Baker, W.E., & Sinkula, J.M., (1999). The Synergistic Effect of Market Orientation and Learning Orientation on
Organizational Performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(4), 411-427.
Balabanis, I.G., (2000). Factors Affecting Export Intermediaries’ Service Offerings: The British Example.
Journal of International Business Studies, 31(1), 83-99.
Balabanis, I.G., (2001). The Relationship between Diversification and Performance in Export Intermediary Firms.
British Journal of Management, 12, 67-84.
Balabanis, I.G., (2005). Determinants of Export Intermediaries’ Service-mix Configuration. International Marketing
Review, 22(4), 436-459.
Balabanis, I.G., (2015). Matching Service Mixes to Internal and External Contingencies in Export Intermediary Firms:
Profitability and Efficiency Implications. In Assessing the Different Roles of Marketing Theory and Practice
in the Jaws of Economic Uncertainty, 123-123. Springer International Publishing.
Barney, J.B., (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.
Barney, J. B., & Clark, D.N., (2007). Resource-based Theory: Creating and Sustaining Competitive Advantage. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Barney, J.B., & Hansen, M.K., (1994). Trustworthiness as a Source of Competitive Advantage. Strategic Management
Journal, 15, 175-190.
Beamish, P., Karavis, L., Goerzen, A., & Lane, C., (1999). The Relationship Between Organization Structure and Export
Performance. Management International Review, 39: 37-54.
Burgen, M., Dutta, S., & Walker, C, O., (1992). Agency Relationships in Marketing: A Review. Journal of Marketing,
56(3), 1-24.
Campa, J., & Guillen, M., (1999). The Internalization of Exports, Management Science, 45, 1463-1478.
Cavusgil, S.T., & Zou, S. (1994). Marketing Strategy Performance Relationship: An Investigation of the
Empirical Link in Export Market Ventures. Journal of Marketing, 58(1), 1-21.
Ciliberti, F., P. Pontrandolfo & B. Scozzi., (2008). Investigating Corporate Social Responsibility in Supply Chains:
a SME Perspective, Journal of Cleaner Production, 16 : 1579-1588.
Coase, R.H., (1937). The Nature of the Firm. Economica, 4 (November), 386-405.
Cosimano, T,F., (1996). Intermediation. Economica, 63, 131-143.
Dyer, J.H., (1997). Effective Inter-firm Collaboration: How Firms Minimise Transaction Costs and Maximise
Transaction Value. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 535-556.
Eriksson, K., Johanson,J.,Majkgard, A., & Sharma, D., (1997). Experiential Knowledge and Cost in the Internalization
Process. Journal of International Business Studies, 28, 337-360.
Feenstra, C.R., & Hanson, H.G., (2004). Intermediaries in Entrepot Trade: Hong Kong Re-Exports of Chinese Goods.
Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 13(1), 3-35.
Frazier, P., Tix, A.P., & Barron, K.E., (2004). Testing Moderator and Mediator Effects in Counseling Psychology
Research. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 51(1), 115-134.
Glaister, K.W., & Buckley, P.J., (1994). UK International Joint Ventures: An Analysis of Patterns of Activity and
Distribution. British Journal of Management, 5(1), 33-51.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B., Anderson, R.E., & Tatham, R.L., (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis, 6th Edition,
New York: Prentice Hall.
Hergert, M., & Morris, D., (1988). Trends in International Collaborative Agreements. In Contractor, F.J.,
and Lorange, P. (eds.), Co-operative Strategies in International Business. MA: Lexington Books, 99-109.
Holmstrom, B., (1979) Moral Hazard and Observability. Bell Journal of Economics, 10, 74-91.
Hoyle, R.H., (1995). Structural Equation Modelling: Concept, Issues, and Application. California, Sage Publications, Inc.
Hunt, S.D., & Morgan, R.M., (1995). The Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition. Journal of Marketing,
59 (April), 1-15.
Husted, B. W. & D. B. Allen., (2007). Corporate Social Strategy in Multinational Enterprises: Antecedents and
Value Creation. Journal of Business Ethics, 74 : 345-361.
Ilinitch, A.Y., Peng, N.W., Eastin, I., & Paun, D., (1994). Developing Intangible Resources: The New Battleground for
Export for Small and Mid-Sized Firms. Working Paper, Seattle: University of Washington School of Forestry.
Jensen, M., & Meckling, W., (1976). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behaviour, Agency Costs, and Ownership
Structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305-360.
Julien, P.A., & Ramangalahy, C., (2003). Competitive Strategy and Performance of Exporting SMEs: An Empirical
Investigation of the Impact of Their Export Information Search and Competencies. Entrepreneurship Theory
and Practice, 227-249.
Kline, R.B.,(2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modelling. New York, The Guilford Press.
Klien, R.B., Crawford, R.A., & Alchian, A.A., (1978). Vertical Integration, Appropriable Rents, and the Competitive
Contracting Process. Journal of Law and Economics, 21, 297-326.
Kogut, B., (1988). Joint Ventures: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 9(4),
319-332.
Kreicie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W., (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Actvities. Educational and
Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
Kumar, S., & Bergstrom, T., (2007). An Exploratory Study of the Relationship of Export Intermediaries and Their
Trading Partners. Supply Chain Forum, 8(1), 12-31.
Lattin, J.M., Carroll, J.D., Green, J.D., & Green, P.E., (2003). Analysing Multivariate Data. California, Thomson
Learning Inc.
Leonidou, L., & Katsikeas., C.,(1996). The Export Development Process: An Integrative Review of Empirical Models,
Journal of International Business Studies, 27: 517-551.
Leonidou, L., & Kaleka, A., (1998). Behavioral Aspects of International Buyer-Seller Relationships: Their Association
with Export Involvement. International Marketing Review, 15, 373-397.
Lewicki, R., Litterer, J., Minton, J., & Saunders, D., (1994). Negotiation, 2nd ed. Chicago: Irwin.
McDonald, R.P., & Marsh, H.W., (1990). Choosing a Multivariate Model: Noncentrality and Goodness of
Fit. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 247-255.
Morris, D., & Hergert, M., (1987). Trends in International Collaborative Agreements. Columbia Journal of
World Business, 22(2) : 15-21.
Neter, J., William, W., & Michael, H.K., (1985). Applied Linear Statistical Models: Regression Analysis of
Variance, and Experimental Design, 2nd Edition, Homewood: Richard D.Trwin.
Nunnally, J. C. & I. H. Bernstein., (1994). Psychometric Theory. New York : McGraw-Hill.
OECD. (2003). International Investment Perspectives, OECD, Paris.
OECD. (2004). International Investment Perspectives, OECD, Paris.
Peng, M.W. (1998). Behind the Success and Failure of U.S. Export Intermediaries: Transaction, Agents,
Westport, CT: Quorum.
Peng, W.M., & Ilinitch, A.Y., (1998). Export Intermediary Firms: A Note on Export Development Research.
Journal of International Business Studies, 29(3), 609-620.
Peng, M.W., & Wang, H., (2001). An Intermediation-based View of Entrepreneurship. In Hitt, M., Amit, R.,
Lucier, C., Nixon, R., and Torsilier, J., (eds), Strategies in the Entrepreneurial Millennium, Boston: Blackwell.
Peng W.M., & York, S. A., (2001). Behind Intermediary Performance in Export Trade: Transactions,
Agent, and Resources. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(2), 327-346.
Peng, W.M., Ilinitch, A.Y., & Hill, C.E.L., (1998). Entrepreneurs as Agent in Export Trade: A Resource-
based Perspective. Working Paper, Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Peteraf, M.A., (1993). The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based View. Strategic
Management Journal, 14(3), 179-191.
Priem, R.L., Butler, J.E., (2001a). Is the Resource-Based Theory a Useful Perspective for Strategic
Management Research? Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 22–40.
Priem, R.L., Butler, J.E., (2001b). Tautology in the Resource-Based View and Implications of Externally
Determined Resource Value: Further Comments. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 57–66.
Robson, M.J., Leonidou, L.C., Katsikeas, C.S., (2002). Factors Influencing International Joint Venture Performance:
Theoretical Perspectives, Assessment, and Future Directions. Management International Review, 42(4), 385-418.
Root, F., (1994). Entry Strategies for International Markets. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Rumelt, M.J., (1984). Towards a Strategic Theory of the Firm. In R.B. Lamb (ed.), Competitive Strategic Management,
556-570. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Sabel, C.F., (1993). Studied Trust: Building New Forms of Cooperation in a Volatile Economy. Human Relations,
46(9), 1133-1170.
Sharma, A., (1997). Professional as Agent: Knowledge Asymmetry in Agency Exchange. Academy of Management
Review, 22, 758-798.
Shahrul, N., (2011). Factors Influencing Export Intermediaries’ Competitive Strategies and Performance: A Conceptual
Paper. Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 5(4), 145-153.
Shapiro, S., (2005). Agency Theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 31, 263-284.
Sharma, V.M., (2005). Export Management Companies and E-business: Impact on Export Services, Product Portfolio,
and Global Market Coverage. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 61-71.
Sharma, V.M., Tainai, V.P., & Sariteke, A.A., (2006). Impact of E-business on the Exporting Services of Export
Management Companies. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 16(1), 29-40.
Shipley, D., & Prinja, S., (1988). The Services and Supplier Choice Influences of Industrial Distributors.
Service Industries Journal, 8, 176-186.
Shoham, A. (1998). Export Performance: A Conceptualization and Empirical Assessment, Journal of International
Marketing, 6(3), 59-81.
Suwannarat, P., (2016a). The Study of Export Intermediary Performance Determinants, Multinational Business Review,
24(2), 123-143.
Suwannarat, P.,(2016b). Export Intermediaries and Their Competency to Reduce Transaction Costs: Examining the
Mediating Role of Learning Orientation, Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 9(2), 181-217.
Tung, R., (1988). Toward a Conceptual Paradigm of International Business Negotiations. Advances in International
Comparative Management, 3, 203-219.
Vogel, A., (2009). Exporter performance in the German Business Service Sector: First Evidence from the Services
Statistics Panel. Working Paper No.111, Working Paper Series in Economics, Lüneburg: University of Lüneburg.
Weiss, S, (1994). Negotiating with “Romans”. Sloan Management Review, 35, 51-62.
Williamson, O.E., (1975). Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications. New York: Free Press.
Williamson, O.E., (1985). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting.
New York: Free Press.
Williamson, O.E., (1988). Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance. Journal of Finance, WLIII, 567-591.
Zajac, E.J., & Olsen, C.P., (1993). From Transaction Cost to Transactional Value Analysis: Implications
for the Study of Interorganisational Strategies, Journal of Management Studies, 30(1), 131-145.
Downloads
Published
09-10-2019
How to Cite
Suwannarat, P., Khantong, S., & Jantarajaturapath, N. (2019). An SEM Analysis of the Competence to Reduce Transaction Costs of Export Management Companies in Thailand. Journal of Accountancy and Management, 11(2), 230–256. Retrieved from https://so02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/mbs/article/view/220585
Issue
Section
Research Articles
License
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารการบัญชีและการจัดการ
ข้อความที่ปรากฏในบทความแต่ละเรื่องในวารสารวิชาการเล่มนี้เป็นความคิดเห็นส่วนตัวของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับมหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม และคณาจารย์ท่านอื่นๆในมหาวิทยาลัยฯ แต่อย่างใด ความรับผิดชอบองค์ประกอบทั้งหมดของบทความแต่ละเรื่องเป็นของผู้เขียนแต่ละท่าน หากมีความผิดพลาดใดๆ ผู้เขียนแต่ละท่านจะรับผิดชอบบทความของตนเองแต่ผู้เดียว
