ABSOLUTE PLUTOCRACY AND POLITICAL CORRUPTION

Abstract

Plutocracy refers to govern by the wealthy and includes the relationships of nepotism or favoritism (Paternalism, Nepotism, Favoritism, or Cronyism) arising from marriages between wealthy families or between wealthy families and those with political, administrative, or military power. It is apparent that they hold political power, define political and administrative directions, and use both legal and illegal power, including through elections, forming political parties, and fielding candidates. They provide financial support and support through bureaucratic systems controlled by their allies and relatives.

Absolute Plutocracy thus consists of three components which are wealth, social status, and power, forming a triad of financial, political, and social power. This leads to the acquisition, possession, and exercise of power, perpetuating political power indefinitely. Additionally, when money is involved in government, it inevitably leads to corruption, conflicts of interest, and policy corruption that are closely intertwined and inseparable.

          The purpose of this study is to illustrate the relationship between absolute plutocracy and political corruption, and their impact on the development of democracy in Thailand. Additionally, it aims to explore methods for preventing and addressing these both issues at the international level and within Thailand. Document analysis is the primary method used in this study.

          The study finds that absolute plutocracy and political corruption have always occurred together, with each acting as both a cause and effect of the other. This is because acquiring political power often requires financial resources, and once in power, there is a necessity to recover that investment. This recovery typically occurs through various forms of corruption, including policy-related corruption, conflicts of interest, and budgetary fraud. Thus, a democratic regime with plutocratic characteristics leads to a loss of legitimacy in government, causing an electoral democracy to inevitably become a Plutocracy.

          Political corruption has significant impacts: First, it affects the development of democracy, as corruption is often cited as a primary reason for coups and becomes the most reasonable justification. Second, it impacts national development, especially economic development, as corruption increases inefficiency, leading politicians and civil servants to seek personal gain rather than fulfilling their duties effectively. Third, it affects social and cultural norms, as respect for those with power and wealth becomes the basis for patronage systems and political culture.

          There are various approaches to preventing and combating political corruption. This study will compare case studies of approaches in the United States and some European countries, particularly Finland, which has been ranked as one of the most transparent countries globally for several years. For Asia, it will examine Singapore as well as approaches by international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank.  The study will also consider Thailand, providing comparative insights to help in developing measures to prevent and combat political corruption.