Factors Influencing Female Labor Migration in Thailand
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Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing female labor migration in Thailand, using data from the 2023 Household Socio-Economic Survey with a sample of 2,979 individuals. The analysis results showed that the overall model was statistically significant (LR χ²(21) = 243.86, p < 0.001) and had a Pseudo R² of 0.0774. The results showed that demographic factors, including age, increased the likelihood of female workers migrating by 37 percent (OR = 1.37, p < 0.001), and marital status also influenced migration. Divorced female workers were 52% more likely to migrate than married women (OR = 1.52, p = 0.008), while single women were 65% less likely to migrate than married women (OR = 0.35, p < 0.001). Female workers in households of 4–7 persons were 33% less likely to migrate than small households (OR = 0.67, p = 0.008), while households with children under 15 years of age had a 34% increased chance of migrating (OR = 1.34, p < 0.001). In terms of economics and geography, Female workers in the agricultural skilled occupation group were 2.46 times more likely to migrate than those in the skilled occupation group (OR = 2.46, p < 0.01), and those in the basic occupation group were 1.93 times more likely to migrate than those in the skilled occupation group (OR = 1.93, p < 0.05). Regarding regional migration, female workers in the Northeastern region were 3.78 times more likely to migrate than those in Bangkok and its vicinity (OR = 3.78, p < 0.001), followed by the Southern region (OR = 3.53, p < 0.001) and the Northern region (OR = 3.03, p < 0.01). In summary, the migration of Thai female workers is influenced by age, marital status, household structure, occupational characteristics, and region. This is consistent with the Push–Pull Theory and the Human Capital Theory, which explain that migration is a key mechanism for female workers to increase economic opportunities and create long-term household stability.
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References
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